Week 4 - Nutrition and Metabolism Flashcards
Nutrients
Substances in food that help cellular function, maintenance, growth and repair.
Carbohydrates proteins lipids Fats Water
Glucose
With oxygen, produces ATP making it the primary energy source for most cells
Proteins
Used for amino acids to create more proteins in cells, create new muscle tissue and from globin in red blood cells
Fats
Used to form cell membranes and create new substances
B Vitamins
Needed in DNA and RNA replication
Used as coenzymes, acting with enzymes in chemical reactions, for glucose oxidation
Vitamins A C and E
Antioxidants
Iron
Important in the production of haemoglobin in red blood cells
Electrolytes
Involved in the production of nerve signals
Calcium
Formation and maintenance of bones, also involved in muscle contractions
Vitamin D
Alongside calcium is vital for the formation and maintenance of bones
Made in the skin when exposed to sunlight
Carbohydrates
Provide glucose
130g/day
whole grains veggies fruits
soluble or insoluble fibre
Lipids
20%/day
Form phospholipid membranes, myelin sheaths, adipose tissues, prostaglandins
Cholesterol (LDL & HDL) consumption should be minimal.
Adipose Tissue
provide a protective layer for organs, insulation, and storage
Prostaglandins
absorb liquid soluble vitamins (ADE).
Proteins
Vitamins
organic compounds needed for growth and well-being and are important in helping the body use its nutrients. Most vitamins need to be ingested
Vitamin B12 and K
synthesised by intestinal bacteria in the large intestine
Vitamin A
is converted from beta-carotene, the orange pigment found in carrots and other foods
Water Soluble Vitamins
B Complex Vitamins/ Vitamin C
Absorbed along with water from the GI tract
Not stored in body
Fat Soluble Vitamins
A D E K
Bind to lipids in the gastrointestinal tract
Stored in the body except K
dangerous in excess
Minerals
Inorganic compounds in small amounts that work with nutrients to ensure homeostasis
Moderate: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, sodium, chlorine and magnesium.
Trace amounts: copper, zinc, manganese, and iodine
Calcium and phosphorus
make up 75% of the total amount of minerals in the body
responsible for hardening bones and teeth.
