Week 4 - Nutrition and Metabolism

Question 1

Nutrients

Answer 1

Substances in food that help cellular function, maintenance, growth and repair.

Carbohydrates proteins lipids Fats Water

Question 2

Glucose

Answer 2

With oxygen, produces ATP making it the primary energy source for most cells

Question 3

Proteins

Answer 3

Used for amino acids to create more proteins in cells, create new muscle tissue and from globin in red blood cells

Question 4

Fats

Answer 4

Used to form cell membranes and create new substances

Question 5

B Vitamins

Answer 5

Needed in DNA and RNA replication

Used as coenzymes, acting with enzymes in chemical reactions, for glucose oxidation

Question 6

Vitamins A C and E

Answer 6

Antioxidants

Question 7

Iron

Answer 7

Important in the production of haemoglobin in red blood cells

Question 8

Electrolytes

Answer 8

Involved in the production of nerve signals

Question 9

Calcium

Answer 9

Formation and maintenance of bones, also involved in muscle contractions

Question 10

Vitamin D

Answer 10

Alongside calcium is vital for the formation and maintenance of bones

Made in the skin when exposed to sunlight

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

Provide glucose

130g/day

whole grains veggies fruits

soluble or insoluble fibre

Question 12

Lipids

Answer 12

20%/day

Form phospholipid membranes, myelin sheaths, adipose tissues, prostaglandins

Cholesterol (LDL & HDL) consumption should be minimal.

Question 13

Adipose Tissue

Answer 13

provide a protective layer for organs, insulation, and storage

Question 14

Prostaglandins

Answer 14

absorb liquid soluble vitamins (ADE).

Question 15

Proteins

Question 16

Vitamins

Answer 16

organic compounds needed for growth and well-being and are important in helping the body use its nutrients. Most vitamins need to be ingested

Question 17

Vitamin B12 and K

Answer 17

synthesised by intestinal bacteria in the large intestine

Question 18

Vitamin A

Answer 18

is converted from beta-carotene, the orange pigment found in carrots and other foods

Question 19

Water Soluble Vitamins

Answer 19

B Complex Vitamins/ Vitamin C

Absorbed along with water from the GI tract

Not stored in body

Question 20

Fat Soluble Vitamins

Answer 20

A D E K

Bind to lipids in the gastrointestinal tract

Stored in the body except K

dangerous in excess

Question 21

Minerals

Answer 21

Inorganic compounds in small amounts that work with nutrients to ensure homeostasis

Moderate: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, sodium, chlorine and magnesium.

Trace amounts: copper, zinc, manganese, and iodine

Question 22

Calcium and phosphorus

Answer 22

make up 75% of the total amount of minerals in the body

responsible for hardening bones and teeth.