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Week 4 - Neuro > Week 4 - Neurotime > Flashcards

Week 4 - Neurotime Flashcards

1
Q

precentral gyrus

A

primary motor cortex

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2
Q

premotor cortex

A

motor neurons related to indirect (extrapyramidal) motor pathways, anterior to precentral gyrus

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3
Q

superior frontal gyrus - median surface

A

supplementary motor area

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4
Q

middle frontal gyrus - caudal area

A

frontal eye field

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5
Q

paracentral lobule

A

medial continuation of primary motor and primary somatosensory cortexes

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6
Q

internal capsule, posterior limb

A

efferent corticobulbar, corticospinal, and corticopontine axons; afferent thalamocortical neurons; separates thalamus from lentiform nucleus

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7
Q

caudate nucleus

A

part of striatum, from floor of anterior horn to roof of temporal horn of lateral ventricle, medial to internal capsule

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8
Q

putamen

A

part of striatum, lateral to globus pallidus, most lateral part of lentiform nucleus

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9
Q

globus pallidus

A

part of striatum, immediately lateral to internal capsule, medial part of lentiform nucleus

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10
Q

internal capsule - anterior arm, genu, posterior arm

A

sensory and motor neuron pathways

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11
Q

internal capsule - anterior arm

A

separates caudate nucleus from lentiform nucleus

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12
Q

internal capsule - genu

A

adjacent to intraventricular foramen

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13
Q

internal capsule - posterior arm

A

separates thalamus and lentiform nucleus

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14
Q

thalamus

A

major sensory and motor relay nuclei, in diencephalon, medial to posterior limb of internal capsule, contains motor, sensory, and association nuclei

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15
Q

lenticular fasciculus

A

pallidothalamic neuron bundle from globus pallidus to ventral anterior and ventral lateral thalamic nuclei

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16
Q

ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

A

motor nucleus of thalamus, input from cerebellum via cerebello-rubro-thalamic tract (superior cerebellar peduncle) and globus pallidus

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17
Q

subthalamic nucleus

A

medial to internal capsule, indirect basal ganglia pathway, lesions cause hemiballismus

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18
Q

oculomotor nucleus

A

triangle shape in midbrain, motor neurons to five extraocular muscles - levator palpebrae, SR, MR, IR, IO

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19
Q

cerebral crus

A

midrain, major pathway from cerebrum, includes corticospinal, corticobulbar, and corticopontine neurons

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20
Q

corticobulbar tract

A

cell bodies in precentral gryus, axons through internal capsule and cerebral crus to motor neurons in bulb (brain stem)

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21
Q

corticospinal tract

A

cell bodies in cerebral cortex, axons through internal capsule, cerebral crus, basilar pons, and pyramids, become ventral and dorsal corticospinal tracts in spinal cord

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22
Q

corticopontine tract

A

cell bodies in cerebral cortex, axons through internal capsule and cerebral crux, end on pontine nuclei

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23
Q

substantia nigra

A

midbrain, neuromelanin balck substance, cell bodies of nigrostiatal neurons

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24
Q

red nucleus

A

tegmentum of pons, input from cerebellum and cerebral cortex, gives rise to rubrospinal tract

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25
Q

trochlear nucleus

A

midbrain, slightly below inferior colliculus, cell bodies of trochlear nerve to SO

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26
Q

decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle

A

crossing of cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers of superior colliculus in rostral midbrain, terminate in red nucleus and ventral lateral thalamic nuclei

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27
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle

A

pons to cerebellum, contains pontocerebellar fibers with cell bodies in contralateral basilar pons

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28
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle

A

roof of fourth ventricle, decussates in midbrain, cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers terminate on contralateral red nucleus and ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, contains ventral spinocerebellar fibers

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29
Q

basilar pons

A

location of pontine nuclei, input from corticopontine fibers, give rise to pontocerebellar fibers to middle cerebellar peduncle, corticobulbar and corticospinal fibers pass through to end on brainstem (bulb) and spinal cord

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30
Q

pontine nuclei

A

basilar pons, give rise to pontocerebellar fibers of middle cerebellar peduncle

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31
Q

trigeminal motor nucleus

A

motor to muscles of mastication, medial to trigeminal main sensory nucleus

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32
Q

corticospinal tract

A

arise from pyramidal cells in cerebral cortex, terminate in spinal cord

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33
Q

corticobulbar tract

A

arise from pyramidal cells in cerebral cortex, terminate on cranial nerve nuclei in brain stem (bulb)

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34
Q

corticopontine tract

A

arise from pyramidal cells in cerebral cortex, terminate on pontine nuclei

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35
Q

pontocerebellar tract

A

from pontine nuclei in basilar pons to cerebellum via that middle cerebellar peduncle

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36
Q

abducens nucleus

A

motor to LR, associated with facial colliculus

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37
Q

facial motor nucleus

A

motor to muscles of facial expression

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38
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

afferent and efferent fibers for cerebellum, dorsal spinocerebellar tract, olivocerebellar fibers, vestibulocerebellar fibers, reticulocerebellar fibers, cerebello-vestibular fibers, and cerebello-reticular fibers

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39
Q

hypoglossal nucleus

A

motor to tongue muscles

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40
Q

nucleus ambiguus

A

motor nucleus of glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, some preganglionic parasympathetic neurons to the heart

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41
Q

vestibular nuclei

A

floor of fourth ventricle, termination of vestibular nerve, gives rise to medial longitudinal fasciculus and vestibulospinal tract

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42
Q

inferior olivary nucleus

A

cells bodies of olivocerebellar neurons that cross to contralateral cerebellar hemisphere

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43
Q

olivocerebellar fibers

A

inferior olivary nucleus to contralateral cerebellar hemisphere

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44
Q

lateral cuneate nucleus

A

input from cuneate fasiculus, cell bodies of cuneocerebellar fibers to cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle, unconscious proprioception of upper limbs

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45
Q

pyramids

A

ventral medulla, contain corticospinal fibers from ipsilateral cerebral cortex

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46
Q

pyramidal decussation

A

caudal medulla and spinal cord, most fibers cross to form lateral corticospinal tract in lateral finiculus on contralateral side, remaining fibers continue as ventral corticospinal tract and cross in the ventral white commissure to terminate in contralateral ventral horn

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47
Q

accessory nucleus

A

motor nucleus to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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48
Q

lateral column

A

contains lateral corticospinal tract, spinothalamic tract and dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tract also present

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49
Q

ventral column

A

ventral corticospinal tract, medial longitudinal fasiculus in cervical region, vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts involved in reflexes

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50
Q

ventral white commissure

A

crossing of ventral spinothalamic as well as some corticospinal fibers

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51
Q

dorsal horn

A

sensory in spinal cord, neurons give rise to ascending sensory pathway

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52
Q

intermediate gray

A

between dorsal and ventral horns

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53
Q

ventral horn

A

motor horn of spinal cord, neurons give rise to lower motor neurons (alpha and gamma neurons)

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54
Q

lateral corticospinal tract

A

motor fibers in lateral funiculus

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55
Q

ventral corticospinal tract

A

motor fibers in ventral funiculus

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56
Q

dorsal spinocerebellar tract

A

unconscious proprioception, neurons arise from ipsilateral Clark’s nucleus (L2-C8) and ascend to cerebellum

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57
Q

ventral spinocerebellar tract

A

unconscious proprioception, neurons arise from dorsal horn and cross to contralateral, ascending to the cerebellum

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58
Q

Clark’s nucleus (nucleus dorsalis)

A

cell bodies that give rise to ipsilateral dorsal spinocerebellar tract

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59
Q

lateral motor cell column

A

motor neurons in lateral ventral horn, innervate appendicular muscles

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60
Q

medial motor cell column

A

motor neurons in medial ventral horn, innervate axial muscles

61
Q

cerebellum - posterior lobe

A

between primary fissure and posterolateral fissure

62
Q

cerebellum - tonsil

A

part of posterior cerebellum near foramen magnum

63
Q

cerebellum - posterolateral fissure

A

separates flocculonodular lobe from posterior lobe in cerebellum

64
Q

cerebellum - flocculonodular lobe

A

part of cerebellum primarily related to vestibular function (balance)

65
Q

cerebellum - anterior lobe

A

anterior to primary fissure

66
Q

cerebellum - vermal zone

A

either side of midline, control of axial musculature

67
Q

cerebellum - paravermal zone

A

lateral to vermal zone, motor control

68
Q

cerebellum - lateral zone

A

lateral to paravermal zone, input from pontocerebellar neurons, Purkinje cells project to dentate nucleus, dentate-rubro-thalamic pathway primary output from cerebellum

69
Q

cerebellum - deep nuclei

A

dentate, emboliform, globus, and fastigial nuclei

70
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle

A

major cerebello-rubro-thalamic output from cerebellum, also contains ventral spinocerebellar tract

71
Q

decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle

A

rostral midbrain, cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers cross and synapse in contralateral red nucleus and continue to terminate in ventral lateral thalamic nucleus and ventral anterior thalamic nucleus

72
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

separates left and right cerebral hemispheres

73
Q

lateral fissure

A

separates frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, insular cortex deep in fissure

74
Q

corpus callosum

A

connect cerebral hemispheres

75
Q

hippocampal formation

A

medial parahippocampal gyrus, memory consolidation

76
Q

fornix

A

limbic system, begins in hippocampal formation, ends in mammillary body / anterior thalamic nucleus / septal area

77
Q

midbrain

A

rostral brain stem, tectum, tegmentum, and cerebral crus

78
Q

tegmentum

A

between tectum and cerebral crus, contains red nucleus, decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles, oculomotor and trochelar nuclei, ascending 2nd order tracts

79
Q

red nucleus

A

tegmentum of midbrain, afferent input via superior cerebellar penduncle

80
Q

cerebral crus

A

corticospinal, corticobulbar, and corticopontine tracts

81
Q

pons

A

bulbar and tectal portions, superior cerebellar peduncle in roof, tegmentum form rostral 4th ventricle floor

82
Q

tigeminal nerve

A

pons, passes through middle cerebellar peduncle, motor to muscles of mastication, sensory to face with 1st order cells in trigeminal ganglion

83
Q

facial and vestibulocochlear nerves

A

facial contains sensory and motor; vestibulocochlear contains sensory from inner ear, both pass through internal auditory canal

84
Q

internal auditory canal

A

conveys facial and vestibulocochlear nerves and internal auditory (labyrinthine) artery

85
Q

semicircular canals

A

semicircular ducts of inner ear

86
Q

anterior cerebral artery

A

medial cerebral hemisphere and extends to lateral hemisphere surface

87
Q

middle cerebral artery

A

lateral surface of cerebral hemispheres, supplies lateral medulla and cerebellum

88
Q

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

lateral medulla and cerebellum

89
Q

posterior cerebral artery

A

terminal branch of basilar artery, midbrain and temporal and occipital lobes

90
Q

falx cerebri

A

in longitudinal cerebral fissure, separates right and left cerebral hemispheres

91
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

separates cerebrum from cerebellum, midbrain is in tentorial notch

92
Q

superior sagittal sinus

A

superior portion of flax cerebri

93
Q

lateral ventricle

A

in cerebral hemispheres, anterior, posterior, and temporal horns, body, atrium

94
Q

choroid plexus

A

produces CSF, temporal horn and body of lateral ventricles, roof 3rd and 4th ventricles

95
Q

third ventricle

A

separates two portions of diencephalion (thalamus and hypothalamus)

96
Q

pineal gland

A

part of epithalamus, produces melanin

97
Q

superior colliculus

A

part of tectum, receives afferents from lateral geniculate body via brachium of superior colliculus, involved in visual reflexes

98
Q

inferior colliculus

A

part of tectum, receives afferent from lateral lemniscus, relay nucleus of auditory system

99
Q

trochlear nerve

A

exists dorsal midbrain caudal to inferior colliculus, motor to SO

100
Q

spinal cord

A

in vertebral canal

101
Q

cerebellum

A

in posterior fossa

102
Q

superior cerebellar peduncles

A

efferents from deep cerebellar nuclei to red nucleus and ventral anterior thalamic nucleus and ventral lateral thalamic nucleus, received afferent from spinocerebellar tract

103
Q

frontal lobe

A

rostral cerebral hemisphere, executive functions

104
Q

occipital lobe

A

caudal cerebrum, primary visual and visual association cortex

105
Q

temporal lobe

A

in middle cerebral fossa, primary auditory and auditory association cortex

106
Q

insula

A

deep in lateral fissure, visceral intergration/association cortex

107
Q

anterior commissure

A

connects temporal lobes of cerebral hemispheres

108
Q

lentiform nucleus

A

lateral to internal capsule, contains putamen and globus pallidus

109
Q

globus pallidus

A

in genu of internal capsule, medial part of lentiform nucleus

110
Q

putamen

A

part of lentiform nucleus, lateral to globus pallidus and deep to insular cortex

111
Q

optic radiation

A

from lateral geniculate body to calcarine cortex, lateral to lateral ventricle

112
Q

hypothalamus

A

part of diencephalon, visceral control system

113
Q

mammillary body

A

part of hypothalamus, related to limbic system, termination of fornix, gives rise to mamillothalamic tract

114
Q

optic tract

A

optic chiasm to lateral geniculate body

115
Q

periaqueductal gray

A

midbrain, surrounds cerebral aqueduct

116
Q

substantia nigra

A

black substance in ventral midbrain, cell bodies of nigrostriatal fibers release dopamine into striatum

117
Q

interpeduncular fossa

A

between cerebral peduncles, location of oculomotor nerves

118
Q

straight sinus

A

at attachment of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

119
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

connects third and fourth ventricles, in midbrain

120
Q

quadrigeminal cistern

A

subarachnoid cistern, above superior and inferior colliculi, in cerebellar incisure

121
Q

optic nerve

A

posterior eye through optic canal to optic chiasm

122
Q

internal carotid artery

A

enters skull via carotid canal, terminates as anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and posterior communicating arteries

123
Q

basilar artery

A

formed by vertebral arteries at ponto-medullary junction, ends rostrally as posterior cerebral artery

124
Q

superior cerebellar artery

A

rostral branch of basilar artery, supplies lateral and dorsal midbrain and superior cerebellar hemispheres

125
Q

posterior communicating artery

A

part of circle of willis, connects posterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery

126
Q

posterior choroidal artery

A

branch of posterior cerebral artery, supplies choroid plexus

127
Q

cerebellar hemisphere

A

lateral to vermis, limb coordination

128
Q

cavernous sinus

A

either side of sella turcica, oculomotor, trochlear, V1, and V2 in lateral wall; abducens and internal carotid through sinus

129
Q

confluence

A

where superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, occipital sinus, and transverse sinus meet in posterior cranial canvity

130
Q

transverse sinus

A

posterior portion of tectorium cerebelli, connect confluence of sinuses with sigmoid sinus

131
Q

fourth ventricle

A

above pons and medulla, roof is superior cerebellar peduncle and superior and inferior medullary vellum

132
Q

petrous temporal bone

A

part of temporal bone that contains inner ear

133
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

part of limbic lobe, superior to corpus callosum

134
Q

paracentral lobe

A

medial portion of precentral and postcentral gyri - motor and sensory for lower extremities

135
Q

precuneus

A

medial superior parietal lobule, somatosensory association cortex

136
Q

cuneus

A

lower field vision - primary visual cortex, part of visual association cortex

137
Q

lingual cortex

A

upper field vision - primary visual cortex

138
Q

parieto-occipital sulcus

A

fissure that separates occipital lobe and parietal lobe, viewed medially

139
Q

calcarine fissure

A

separates cuneus and lingual cortexes

140
Q

lamina terminalis

A

rostral portion of developing CNS

141
Q

pituitary gland

A

in sella turcica, anterior and posterior lobes, produces hormones

142
Q

optic chiasm

A

where nasal retinal fibers cross to contralateral optic tract

143
Q

cerebellum - nodule

A

cerebellar vermis in flocculonodular lobe

144
Q

interventricular foramen

A

connect lateral ventricles with third ventricle

145
Q

third ventricle

A

on midline between thalamus and hypothalamus on either side

146
Q

cisterna magna

A

subarachnoid cistern between medulla and cerebellum, above foramen magnum

147
Q

diencephalon

A

prosencephalon, thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus

148
Q

inferior colliculus

A

part of quadrigeminal plate, auditory impulses from lateral lemniscus, cell bodies project to medial geniculate nucleus via the brachium of the inferior colliculus

Week 4 - Neuro (5 decks)

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