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Fundamentals of Cardiorespiratory system > Week 4 - Lymphatic system > Flashcards

Week 4 - Lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid regulation

A

Drains fluids from interstitium and returns to bloodstream
20L/day moves into interstitium
Only 17 L reabsorbed by capillaries

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2
Q

Interstitium

A

Connective tissue providing structural support to all the other anatomic components of the lung

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3
Q

How fluid regulation works

A

Tiny lymphatic capillaries soak up excess fluid
one-way valves and muscle pumps help to squeeze “lymph” back to venous system

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4
Q

Immune system

A

First line of defense
second line of defense
third line of defense

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5
Q

First line of defense

A

Chemical barriers - stomach acid, mucus membranes
Mechanical barriers - skin, hair
reflexes - coughing

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6
Q

Second line of defense

A

protective proteins
natural killer cells
- neutrophils, monocytes
inflammation and fever - macrophages

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7
Q

Third line of defense

A

T cells
B cells
Antibodies

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8
Q

Neutrophils

A

Type of WBC
Helps fight infection

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9
Q

Monocytes

A

type of WBC
Finds and destroys germs and eliminates infected cells

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10
Q

T cells

A

lymphocytes
Fights germs - cell to cell
protects from disease
become activated by specific pathogens

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11
Q

B Cells

A

B lymphocytes
creates antibodies
lifelong production
mature in bone marrow
Fights pathogens indirectly

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12
Q

Neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages work as…

A

antigen-presenting cells

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13
Q

Natural killer cells

A

NK
destroy virally infected/cancer cells
help to kill foreign cells by releasing toxins
Second line of defense

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14
Q

Interferon and compliment proteins

A

Interferon system
Compliment system

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15
Q

Interferon system

A

protein secreted by virus-infected body cells
cover surrounding cells to prevent virus from entering
boost immune system by activating macrophages and NK cells

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16
Q

Compliment system

A

Series of events causing body proteins to attach to pathogen causing lysis

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17
Q

lysis

A

disintegration of a cell by rupture of cell wall or membrane

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18
Q

4 types of T cells

A

Killer
helper
suppressor
memory

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19
Q

2 types of B cells

A

plasma
memory

20
Q

major processes hormones control

A

Reproduction
growth and development
maintains electrolyte, water, and nutrient balance of blood
regulates cellular metabolism and energy balance
mobilization of body defenses

21
Q

Chemistry of hormones

A

Amino acid based
Lipid based

22
Q

Hormones are classified chemically as…

A

Amino acids

23
Q

Amino acids

A

Non-steroid
2nd messenger system

24
Q

Lipid based

A

made from cholesterol
Direct gene activation

25
Q

Control of hormone release

A

Stimulus or low hormone levels in the blood triggers the release of more hormones
Hormone release stops once an appropriate level in the blood is reached

26
Q

How are hormone levels maintained by

A

Negative feedback

27
Q

Major endocrine glands of the body

A

Autonomic Centers
Adrenal Glands
Diabetes Mellitus
The kidney

28
Q

Major endocrine organs

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
Adrenal gland
Thymus gland
Pancreas
testes
ovaries

29
Q

Pancreas and its functions

A

Located close to stomach in upper abdominal cavity
Endocrine gland
exocrine gland

30
Q

endocrine gland

A

produces the insulin and glucagon

31
Q

exocrine gland

A

digestion of food

32
Q

Autonomic Centers

A

Exert direct neural control over endocrine cells in adrenal medulla

33
Q

adrenal medulla release…

A

Epinephrin (EPI)
norepinephrine (NE or Norepi)

34
Q

Adrenal glands and their two regions

A

sit on top of kidneys
Adrenal cortex
adrenal medulla

35
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Sex hormones

36
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

Type 1
Type 2

37
Q

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

A

inability of pancreas to produce insulin

38
Q

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

A

Resistance of cells to insulin
Exercise… may reverse!

39
Q

The kidney

A

Blood enters kidney through renal artery
Nephrons
kidney gets rid of wastes and keeps what it wants

40
Q

Nephrons

A

units that filter blood to form urinew

41
Q

what does the kidney keep and gets rid of

A

gets rid of waste products
keeps water, electrolytes and glucose

42
Q

Hyper-hydrated

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide
decreases reabsorption at kidney

43
Q

Dehydrated?

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Aldosterone
increases reabsorption at kidney

44
Q

Factors influencing HR

A

Sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS (Vagus nerve)

45
Q

Hormonal factors influencing functions of heart

A

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid hormones

46
Q

Catecholamine effect of the heart - Epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Bind on cardiomyocytes
increases rate of depolarization

47
Q
A

Fundamentals of Cardiorespiratory system (4 decks)

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