Week 4: Lymphatic System

Question 1

4 Components of Lymphatic System

Answer 1

Lymph
Vessels
Nodes
Organs

Question 2

Organs of Lymphatic System

Answer 2

Spleen, Thymus, Tonsils

Question 3

Functions of L System

Answer 3

Fluid regulation, (excess interstitial fluid to cardiovascular)
Immunity
Transport of dietary fats (small intestine to blood)

Question 4

Relationship to Cardiovascular System

Answer 4

Starts in tissues
Picks up fluid
Puts fluid into veins

Question 5

Where is Lymph fluid from?

Answer 5

Plasma, proteins, WBC leak from capillaries into tissue fluid.
Lymphatic vessels pick up excess tissue fluid - now lymph.
Will drain back into CV system and become plasma again.

Question 6

Function of Lymph Nodes

Answer 6

WBC filter out foreign bodies in lymph

Question 7

Tonsils

Answer 7

Large lymph nodes

Question 8

Thymus

Answer 8

Produces T lymphocytes
1/2 Primary Lymphoid Organs

Question 9

Spleen

Answer 9

Filters foreign material from blood

Question 10

Red Bone Marrow

Answer 10

Produces B lymphocytes
1/2 Primary Lymphoid Organs

Question 11

Resistance

Answer 11

Ability to prevent disease

Question 12

Susceptibility

Answer 12

Lack of resistance

Question 13

Pathogens

Answer 13

Living things that can cause disease

Question 14

Disease

Answer 14

When pathogens invade cells taking over their machinery - cannot function

Question 15

Non-Specific Defense

Answer 15

Responds the same way to different things. Doesn’t adapt.
Innate Immunity

Question 16

Specific Defense

Answer 16

Different for everyone.
Adapts.
Adaptive Immunity

Question 17

Innate Immunity

Answer 17

Constantly working
Quick

Question 18

Adaptive Immunity

Answer 18

Takes longer to start working.
Specific ex: chicken pox.

Question 19

Innate: 1st line of defense

Answer 19

Physical barriers: skin, saliva
Chemical barriers: Lysozyme, acidic pH of skin.

Question 20

Innate: 2nd line of defense

Answer 20

Antimicrobial substances (complement proteins)
Cytokines
Phagocytes
Fever
Inflammation

Question 21

Third Line of Defense

Answer 21

Adaptive/Specific.
T & B cells
Antibodies

Question 22

Lysozyme

Answer 22

Enzyme that breaks down bacteria
!st line of defense - chemical

Question 23

Compliment Proteins

Answer 23

Inactive in the blood.
Activate other complement proteins
Kills bacteria by making holes
2nd line of defense

Question 24

Cytokines

Answer 24

2nd line of defense.
Soluble proteins that signal cells
Ex: Interferon (sacrifices itself)

Question 25

Phagocytosis

Answer 25

Neutrophils: Leaves blood first, eat lot, die fast. Macrophages: Takes 2 days, stay longer. Become APC.

Question 26

Antigen-Presenting Cells

Answer 26

Present antigen (peptide) to T cells

Question 27

Inflammation

Answer 27

Destroy, prevent spread, begin repair. Histamine (released in tissue, vasodilation, more blood, fluid leaking)

Question 28

Fever

Answer 28

Inhibits growth of bacteria Speeds up chemical reactions WBC activated, release cytokines to brain (hypothalamus)

Question 29

Immunological Memory

Answer 29

Primary immune response is slow Secondary immune response is quicker - memory cell formation, specific to antigen.

Question 30

Antigen

Answer 30

Substances that trigger an immune response

Question 31

Antigen Recognition

Answer 31

Antibodies, B & T cells can bind antigens

Question 32

B & T Differentiation

Answer 32

Stem cells in bone marrow/fetal liver. 1/2 to thymus = T cells 1/2 stay in bone marrow = B Cells

Question 33

Humoral Immunity

Answer 33

Foreign material loose in plasma and intersistial fluid B Cells

Question 34

Cellular Immunity

Answer 34

Foreign material inside cells T Cells recognize antigen on surface of host cell.

Question 35

B Cell Activation

Answer 35

"Naive" Lymphocyte binds and is activated. Binds to antigen in extracellular fluid. Lymphocyte replicates and differentiates into activated and memory cells.

Question 36

T Cell Activation

Answer 36

"Naive" lymphocyte binds and is activated. Binds to antigen on surface of abnormal cell. Cytotoxic - virus-infected or cancer cells. Helper - antigen presenting cells. Replicates and differentiates into activated and memory cells.

Question 37

Activated B Cells

Answer 37

Plasma Cells Produce antibodies, tag pathogen for destruction

Question 38

How do Antibodies protect us?

Answer 38

Agglutination Opsonization Complement Activation Ab-Dependent Cell Mediated Toxicity Neutrilization

Question 39

Agglutination (Protective)

Answer 39

Reduces number of infectious units to be dealt with

Question 40

Opsonization