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BIOL 1203 > Week 2: Heart & Blood > Flashcards

Week 2: Heart & Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Location of heart

A

Medial to lungs
Superior to diaphragm
Thoracic Cavity (under sternum)

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2
Q

Layers of the heart (inner to outer)

A

Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium, Pericardial Cavity, Parietal layer of serous pericardium, fibrous pericardium.

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3
Q

Pericardium:

A

Protects the heart
Fibrous Pericardium
Serous Pericardium

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4
Q

Serous Pericardium

A

2 membranes with fluid in between
Parietal Pericardium
Pericardial Cavity (containing fluid)
Visceral Pericardium OR Epicardium

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5
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular tissue of heart

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6
Q

Endocardium

A

Lining of inside chambers of heart (epithelial tissue)

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7
Q

Veins

A

Lead to the heart
Vena Cavae (into right atrium)
Pulmonary Veins (into left atrium)

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8
Q

Arteries

A

Away from the body
Aorta (leaving left ventricle)
Pulmonary Trunk (leaving right ventricle)

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9
Q

Chordae Tendinae

A

Anchor valves, attached to papillary muscles in ventricle wall

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10
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Right side

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11
Q

Bicuspid Valve

A

OR Mitral Valve
Left side

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12
Q

Semilunar Valves (Names and purpose)

A

Prevent backflow of blood into ventricles when they relax
Pulmonary Valve (right)
Aortic Valve (left)

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13
Q

Pulmonary Loop

A

Deoxygenated blood from body to lungs to be oxygenated.
Right.

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14
Q

Systemic Loop

A

Oxygenated blood from lungs to the rest of body (system).
Left.

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15
Q

Electrical Conduction System

A

Pacemaker cells that repeatedly and rhythmically generate and spread action potentials
Controls muscle contraction and blood flow.

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16
Q

Sinoatrial Node

A

“Pacemaker”
Right Atrium

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17
Q

Atrioventricular Node

A

Signal from SN through inter-nodal pathway
Right Atrium

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18
Q

Atrioventricular Bundle

A

Septum

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19
Q

Bundle Branches

A

Septum

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20
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Walls of the heart

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21
Q

Depolarized

A

Stimulated

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22
Q

Repolarized

A

Resting

23
Q

Electrical Conduction Order and Roles

A

SAN: Stimulates Atria and AVN
AVN: Send stimulus through AVB
AVB - BB - PF
PF: Contracts Ventricles

24
Q

P Wave (ECG)

A

Atrial depolarization from SAN
Atrial contraction/systole

25
Q

QRS Complex

A

Ventricular depolarization & Atrial re-polarization.
Ventricle systole/Atrial diastole

26
Q

T Wave

A

Ventricular repolarization
Ventricular diastole.

27
Q

“LUB”

A

Blood falling back on closed atrioventricular valves

28
Q

“DUB”

A

Blood falling back on closed semilunar valves

29
Q

4 Factors Affecting Heart Rate

A
  1. Autonomic Nervous System (Main)
    Symp: High HR & HC
    Para: Low HR
  2. Hormones (Main)
    Epinephrine & Norepinephrine: High HR & HC
  3. Ions in blood (affect conduction system)
    Na, K: Low HR & HC
    Ca: High HR & HC
  4. Body Temp
    High: High HR
    Low: Low HR & HC
30
Q

3 Functions of Blood

A
  1. Transport (nutrients, gasses, hormones, waste)
  2. Regulate body temp and pH
  3. Protection (defense, immunity, blood clotting)
    Blood Mobile
31
Q

Composition of Blood

A

Blood Plasma 55%
Formed Elements 45%

32
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red Blood Cells
No Nucleus
O2 and CO2 by Hemoglobin

33
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells
Immune System

34
Q

Platelets

A

Thrombocytes
No nuclei/hemoglobin
Blood clotting

35
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Production of blood from red bone marrow.
One type of stem cell forms into myeloids (majority) or lymphoid stem cells.

36
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid - carries formed elements.
90% water.
7% Plasma proteins (albumin)
2% other substances

37
Q

Albumin

A

Keeps blood fluid/liquid by osmosis (pulls water into blood stream)

38
Q

Blood Viscosity

A

Thickness (thicker than water)
Amount of blood cells and proteins affect this.
Changes will affect circulation of blood (BP)

39
Q

Hypoxia

A

Not enough oxygen.
Stimulates red blood cell production.

40
Q

EPO

A

Erythropoietin.
Stimulates red bone marrow, increases RBC count, O2 is carried.

41
Q

Haematocrit

A

RBC
38%-54% normal

42
Q

Anemia

A

Low haematocrit
Low Iron or B12
Low hemoglobin

43
Q

Polycythemia

A

Hypoxia
High haematocrit

44
Q

Neutrophils

A

Majority of WBC.
Fight bacterial
Multi-lobe nucleus

45
Q

Lympocytes

A

2nd most
T: Virus
B: Antibodies as plasma cells
Majority is nucleus

46
Q

Monocytes

A

3rd most
OR Macrophages
Long term infection
U-Shaped nucleus

47
Q

Eosinophils

A

4th most
Parasites
ex: Tapeworms
2 lobed nucleus, large granules

48
Q

Basophils

A

Least amount
Inflammation
Ex: allergy.
Large granules
Double lobed nucleus

49
Q

Leucocytopenia

A

WBC count affected by stress/cortisol.

50
Q

Leucocytosis

A

WBC affected by infections, cancers.

51
Q

Differential Count

A

Blood smear from patient blood, 100 random white blood cells counted and sorted by type.
Can indicate type of disease in patient.

52
Q

Deoxygenated blood (Pulmonary Loop) —>

A

Inferior & Superior Vena Cava - R Atrium - Tri valve - R Vent - P Valve - P Trunk - P Arteries - Capillaries of lungs.

53
Q

Oxygenated Blood (Systemic Loop) —>

A

P Capillaries of lungs - P Veins - L Atrium - Bi Valve - L Vent - Aortic Valve - Aorta - Body.

BIOL 1203 (3 decks)

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