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Block 12 > Week 4 - Lower Limb > Flashcards

Week 4 - Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Angular Knee Deformaties

A

Genu Valgum (Knock-knee).
Genu Varum (Bow-legged).

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2
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

ACL

A

Taut in EXTENSION.
Prevents posterior displacement of femur.

Lachman Test.

O = medial wall of lateral femoral condyle.
I = Intercondyloid eminence of tibia.

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3
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

PCL

A

Taut in FLEXION.
Prevents anterior displacement of femur.

O = medial Femoral Condyle.
I = posterior aspect of TIBIAL Plateau.

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4
Q

Menisci

A

Medial:
C-shaped.
Attached to MCL.
Fixed.
Lateral:
Oval-shaped.
Attached to Popliteus tendon.
Mobile.

Connected anteriorly by transverse ligament.

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5
Q

Terrible Triad

A

Tibial Collateral Ligament,
Medial Meniscus.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament.

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6
Q

Popliteus

A

Key to the Knee.
O: Lateral femoral epicondyle.
I: Post proximal tibia.

Action: Laterally rotates femur on tibia.

Artery: Popliteal
Nerve: Tibial

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7
Q

Quadriceps Femoris

Muscles? Nerve? Action?

A

Rectus Femoris
Vastus (Medialis, Intermedius, Lateralis).

Action: Extend knee (L3-L4)

Nerve: femoral nerve (L2-L4).

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8
Q

Q-Angle

A

Quadriceps line of pull & patellar tendon intersection.
~15 degrees.

angle > in females.

Strengthen Vastus Medialis to counteract Lateralis.

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9
Q

Iliotibial Band

A

O: Iliac Crest.
I: Lateral tibial tract.
Thickening of fascia latae.

Action: Lateral stabilization of hip/knee. Pulls knee into hyper extension.
Nerve: Superior & inferior gluteal.
Artery: Superior gluteal.

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10
Q

Hamstrings

A

Semitendinosus.
Semimembranosus.
Biceps femoris.

Flex knee.

Sciatic Nerve (except for SH BF = CFN)

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11
Q

Pes Anserinus

Attachment site

Goose Foot

A

3 conjoined tendons from each thigh compartment.
1. Sartious
2. Gracilis
3. Semitendinosus

Anteromedial tibia. Superficial to MCL.

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12
Q

Knee Bursae

A
  1. Suprapatellar
  2. Subcutaneous prepatellar
  3. Deep infrapatellar
  4. Subcutaneous infrapatellar
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13
Q

Sural nerve

S1,S2

A

Cutaneous nerve formed by sciatic nerve in popliteal fossa. Lateral leg innveration. Runs alongside small saphenous vein.

Runs deep until Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon (base of gastronemious).

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14
Q

Sole of the foot Innervation.

A

Medial and Lateral plantar (Branch of tibial nerve)

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15
Q

Malleolus

(Ankle bone)

A

Lateral Malleolus from fibula.
Medial malleolus from tibia.

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16
Q

Osteology of Foot

A

7 Tarsals.
- Proximal: talus + calcaneus
- Intermediate: Navicular
- Distal: Cuboid + M/I/L cuneiforms
5 MetaTarsals.
14 Phalanges.

17
Q

Anterior Compartment lower leg

Muscles/Blood supply/Nerve

A

Tibialis Anterior.
Extensor Hallucis Longus.
Extensor Digitorum Longus.
Fibularis Tertius.

Dorsiflex Ankle (L4-L5).

Deep fibular Nerve (Lesion results in footdrop).
Anterior Tibial Artery.

18
Q

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

A

Continuation of Anterior Tibia artery. Name changes once artery crosses the ankle joint.

19
Q

Lateral Compartment

Muscles

A

Fibularis Longus.
Fibularis Brevis.

Evert Ankle (L5-S1).

Superficial Fibular nerve.
Fibular Artery.

20
Q

Retinacula

A

Superior & Inferior Extensor retinaculum.

Superior & Inferior Fibular Retinaculum.

21
Q

Superficial Posterior Compartment

3 Muscles

A

Gastrocnemius.
Soleus.
Plantaris.

Action: Plantar Flexors (S1,S2).

Posterior Tibial Artery.

Tibial Nerve.

Gastrocnemius crosses the knee, therefore also a knee flexor.
Soleus is solely flexor.

22
Q

Deep Posterior Compartment

4 Muscles

A

Tibialis Posterior.
Flexor Digitorum Longus.
Flexor Hallucis Longus.
Popliteus.

Tibial Nerve.
Posterior Tibial Artery.

Action: Plantar Flexors (S1,S2).

23
Q

Tarsal Tunnel

A

Tom Dick ANd Harry

Tibialis Posterior.
flexor Digitorum longus.
posterior tibial Artery.
tibial Nerve.
flexor Hallucis Longus.

Anterior to Posterior. Tendon order only applies here.

24
Q

Subtalar Joint

A

Talocalcaneonavicular joint.
Ball and socket joint.
Site of Inversion and Eversion of foot.

25
Q

Fibular Collateral Ligament

3 ligaments

A

3 ligaments:
Anterior Talofibular.
Posterior Talofibular.
Calcaneofibular.

26
Q

Deltoid Ligament

4 ligaments

A
  1. Anterior Tibiotalar
  2. Posterior Tibiotalar
  3. Tibiocalcaneal
  4. Tibionavicular
27
Q

Hallux Valgus & Varus

A

Valgus: Lateral metatarsal deviation.
Varus: Medial deivation - big toe towards midline.

28
Q

Myotomes of Lower Limb

A

L2 -Hip flexion
L3 - Knee Extension
L4 - Ankle Dorsiflex
L5 - Big toe Extension
S1 - Ankle Plantarflex

29
Q

Mytomes of Upper Limb

A

C5 - Shoulder Abduction
C6 - Elbow Flexion
C7 - Elbow Extension
C8 - Finger Flexion
T1 - Finger Abduction

30
Q

4 Strategies for correcting COM

A
  1. Ankle
  2. Hip
  3. Step
  4. Combined

To maintain balance, COM must be withing BOS.

31
Q

Sensory component of balance

A
  1. Somatosensory - skin receptors
  2. Proprioceptive - muscle spindles
  3. Visual - eyes
  4. Vestibular - inner ear

Need to:
Predict
Detect
Execute

32
Q

Posture

A

Relative position of various body parts in relation to others, environment, and gravity.

Static: When the body is still
Dynamic: Balance during movement

Block 12 (8 decks)

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