Week 4 IQ Flashcards

Question

In what instances should Flynn effect not be adjusted for?

Answer 1

When increases in IQ are not uniform across everyone. E.g for older people, the increase is smaller. Might be too much to correct .3 for all age groups.

Answer 2

1) Greater access to education 2) Test effects - would IQ scores be measuring learned knowledge or innate knowledge? 3) Better overall health and nutrition, leading to lesser intellectual disabilities 4) More exposure to video games can result in better performance on spatial reasoning tasks. Flynn's hypothesis was that IQ tests can't directly measure intelligence but instead can only measure traits that are somewhat correlated with intelligence.

Answer 3

1) Sketchy administration and scoring guidelines | 2) Shift in age range from 5-15 to 6-16, but ignore major cog devt from 5 to 5.5 y/o

Answer 4

1) 1st four WISC Similarities items were “Analogies” (E.g boys grow up to be men and girls to be…?) o Final Analogy item that immediately preceded the traditional Similarities item style (In what way are a PLUM and a PEACH alike?) was “A knife and a piece of glass both…”. Item was intended as a transitional item, but it provided children with a mindset to give concrete (1-point) answers. o Eliminated such items in WISC-R because they were only relevant when child is 5 o Instead, 3 new very easy items of the Plum-Peach variety were added to the beginning of the test, and the 2) 1st four items were scored 0-1, not 0-1-2.· o Shift in the Similarities subtest from the WISC to the WISC-R affected the difficulty level of items – exact same items on both versions can be easy or hard depending on its placement o Might be easier if it’s the 7th item because you get to practise in front, as opposed to it being the 2nd.

Answer 5

1. "Concept of alike" : not explained in WISC, but explained in WISC-R (stupid young chewren like shaw don't understand what is alike) 2. Never gave children clues that abstract answer > concrete answer, but in WISC-R if children gave concrete answer, the examiner 3. Never gave instructions on what to do when child gives ambiguous answers, now must clarify.

Answer 6

Arrangement: Comprehension: Child were not asked to give a 2nd answer if they stopped responsing --> now must prompt child to give a 2nd response!!!

Answer 7

All the WISC-R Performance subtests that allotted bonus points for quick perfect performance included a modification in the examiner’s directions that was analogous to the change in Similarities that gave an example of a 2-point response and the change in the Comprehension that asked for a 2nd reason why: should give the participant the clue that speed is important

Answer 8

1) Child was told nothing that it was important for them to work quickly. So now must ask to be quick. 2) 4 colour to 2 colour. Transitional items made easier for child to catch on to the task. 3) 15 secs to 20 secs

Answer 9

Verbal --> performance now they are alternated to maintain subjects' interest

Answer 10

1. Changes directly affect the ability to conduct valid counterbalanced research, size of generational change is a function of research studies in which the old test battery and new test battery are administered to the person in counterbalanced order 2. o Presumption is that counterbalancing the test sequence controls for test order, thereby neutralizing the practice effect: MIGHT NOT BE THE CASE FOR WISC VS WISC-R on certain subtests because of the dramatic changes that occurred in administration and scoring from the old to new test

Answer 11

If individual is tested on the new one first then the old one, then got practice effect. Because they would know the rules better liao. Inflated scores compared to those who didn't do the old test a 2nd time

Answer 12

Adult females might score 3-5 points lower but the samples used are like all male only or have very balanced sex ratios in the country. what the fuck bro what kind of result is this

Answer 13

Immigrants only 2-3% of sample so their smaller IQ scores cannot fully explain the decline Almost zero correlation between IQ decline per decade and average immigration in countries included in the review.

Answer 14

Older mothers have been thought to produce children with lower IQs. However, contrary to that, this review showed a significant negative correlation between the age of the mother and the level of IQ decline, meaning older mothers are associated with lesser decline in IQ. So, it is unlikely that higher maternal age is a factor in IQ decline.

Answer 15

Dysgenics. Dysgenics is the higher fertility rates amongst less intelligent parents, who pass on their disadvantageous genes. Dysgenic fertility has been observed in a number of countries in the review by Lynn (2011). There could be a possible dysgenic effect that is being covered up by a strong increase in environmental quality that has led to an increase in scores on IQ tests. FE may not be due to genuine rise in intelligence, because it is observed in less (g) reflective (genuine intelligence) parts of the tests. In the modern world, we have been trained to look at things in a more scientific lens through better education etc, which leads to increases in specific abilities such as patterns/reasoning. So, when the ceiling of the abilities which are more environmentally influenced (not measuring g) have been reached (which is happening), there should be a decline in the general IQ scores. Sure enough, from 1980s, IQ gains have been slowing down.