Week 1 GAD Flashcards
How long must anxiety or worry occur for a client to be diagnosed with GAD
At least 6 months
List the DSM-V criteria for GAD
Excessive anxiety and worry for more than 6 months for many things
Difficulty in controlling the worry
3 choose 6, 1 choose 6 for children: Restlessness/keyed up on edge, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating./mind going blank, irritability, muscle tension. sleep disturbance
Significant distress
Cannot be explained by other physiological effects of a substance or other mental disorders
Applied relaxation was initially developed for ___ and _____.
Panic and phobias
What is the rationale of applied relaxation? What principle is being applied here?
To make the body enter a relaxed state, hence making it more difficult to be worrying about something
Principle of reciprocal inhibition: body can’t be both relaxed and anxious at the same time
List 3 advantages of applied relaxation.
1) relaxes muscles
2) regulates breathing
3) focusing concentration
What are some considerations to take into account when evaluating the effectiveness of AR?
DQ1
1) Differs from people to people. For some people, they experience more anxiety instead because putting thoughts on leaves might encourage them to think even more or cause them to discover more worrying thoughts
2) Only effective if guided because of 1) and also they may worry if they are doing the right thing
3) Short-lived effects because you only target physiological effects, not psychological effects
4) Should do this in earlier stages.
5) Breeding of over-dependency - make sure there are other strategies that the client can use also! if not you is just SUCKS
How to enhance the efficacy of AR among clients?
1) Guide them
2) Make this a quick fix for clients (if you need a breather for that few seconds this is good).
The brain changes physiologically and neurologically when the client does AR long-term. True or false?
True.
When the client uses it at the right time and does so successfully + when they are receptive and does it consistently, learning takes place.
Learning means new connections are being made.
What is the main difference between AR and mindfulness?
Mindfulness focuses on the present moment but AR focuses on a specific scenario that makes one more relaxed.
Why is CBT suitable for Chinese people with GAD?
Directive, structured and short-term
not very person-centered.
List the 5 components of the CBT model
Environmental influences
Culture
History/Family
Situation/Problem
Biology, cognitions, behaviours and emotions
How do the expectations of Chinese clients influence the use of CBT on Chinese clients?
Tend to regard professionals as authority figures, knowledgeable and to be respected –> must make things more directive for them + guided discovery only used when rapport is built + less collaboration (more one-way)
Cannot be like facil, must be more like authority figure
Chinese people also believe in value for money –> make sessions short
How can culture influence the use of CBT among Chinese clients?
Influence of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are strong.
Strong emotions and interpersonal conflict are seen as the cause of distress and mental health problems.
Thus, maintaining harmonious social interactions are paramount. It is through self-control and self-discipline that tranquillity of the mind, fulfilment, and peace are attained. Chinese medicine are used in collaboration with therapy as they are believed to help in mental health and well-being.
Also the extent of acculturation of Chinese client affects help-seeking behaviour and psychological health.
How does family or family history influence CBT in Chinese clients?
The strength of Chinese family structure is in providing an environment for mutual support and interdependence
Might be overindulgent with their children
Parents might also be closely involved in every aspect of the child’s life, and make decisions for them, often w/o consultation until late adolescence
Individual family members generally have a strong sense of responsibility and obligation to the family, with great importance attached to academic and occupational achievement.
More collectivistic and hierarchical (sacrificing of individual wants for familial wants, deference to authority)
How does locus of control affect willingness to go for therapy in the case of Chinese clients?
Since Chinese families tend to be more collectivistic, Chinese clients are more prone to perceiving the problem as being an external locus of control rather than internal.
Hence, these problems will generally be presented as of social or relational origin rather than individual
When confronted by oppressive and/or challenging social situations, the Chinese client may exhibit passive-helpless and egocentric behaviours, with solutions expected from “authority” figures to resolve the difficulty
