Week 4 - Hypertension

Question 1

Epidemiology of Hypertension

Answer 1

• major risk factor for CVD
• prevalence increases with age
• Aboriginal and Torres Strait have higher risk of developing increased BP and CVD
• some medications increase BP

Question 2

Pathophysiology of hypertension

Answer 2

1. arterial constriction
2. increased blood volume
3. overreactive SNS
4. RAAS
5. endothelial dysfunction

Question 3

Classification of hypertension

Answer 3

Optimal `
Normal
High-normal
Grade 1 (mild) hypertension
Grade 2 (moderate) hypertension
Grade 3 (severe) hypertension
isolated systolic hypertension

Question 4

Treatment target for uncomplicated hypertension

Answer 4

treated to a target of <140/90 mmHg or lower if tolerated
treatment goals:
- decrease BP
- prevent development of further complications
- decrease all end organ damange

Question 5

Treatment - non-drug therapy

Answer 5

• physical activity
• weight control
• diet
• smoking cessation
• alcohol intake

Question 6

Patient treatment classified as having moderate risk of CVD in next 5 years

Answer 6

start drug treatment immediately

Question 7

Patient treatment classified as having high risk of CVD in next 5 years

Answer 7

Patient treatment classified as having moderate risk of CVD in next 5 years

Question 8

Antihypertensive drug classes

Answer 8

1. ACE inhibitors
2. sartans
3. calcium channel blockers
4. thiazide diuretics