Week 4- Hear & Sing

Question 1

How does sound travel in the environment?

Answer 1

Vibration in air particles

Question 2

What is frequency and what is it measured with?

Answer 2

Hz, number of wavelengths fit into one second (PITCH)

Question 3

High or Low pitch for high frequency

Answer 3

high pitch

Question 4

What measures “loudness”?

Answer 4

Intensity, decibels

Question 5

What measures intensity on the wavelength?

Answer 5

The amplitude of the wavelength

Question 6

Does higher frequency lose energy faster or lower frequency?

Answer 6

Higher, it does not travel as far

Question 7

What happens with molecules for sound to travel?

Answer 7

Sound displaces molecules in order to travel

Question 8

3 Possible outcomes for sound wave when travelling

Answer 8

Reflection
Transmission
Scattering

Question 9

Scattering in sound

Answer 9

Scattering breaks into smaller soundwaves when hit off a surface like rocks, bottom or water surface

Question 10

Differences in aquatic soundscapes

Answer 10

Between seasons and environment

Question 11

What houses the sacs?

Answer 11

Semicircular canals

Question 12

How many semicircular canals are there?

Answer 12

three, each containing a sac

Question 13

What is filled inside semicircular canals?

Answer 13

Fluid-filled, endolymph

Question 14

What does each sac hold?

Answer 14

Each has a macula, sensory membrane with hair cells

Question 15

Name the 3 sacs

Answer 15

lagena, utriculus, sacculus

Question 16

What type of fish has 2 pores on top of the head for their inner ear?

Answer 16

cartilaginous fish

Question 17

Contents of macula`

Answer 17

otolithic membrane, otolith (calcium carbonate), MANY SENSORY HAIR CELLS

Question 18

What is also known as ear dust and where is it located

Answer 18

otoconia, covers otolithic membrane

Question 19

Otolith vs otoconia

Answer 19

Otolith is a solic CaCO3 structure while otoconia is dust, individual crystals

Question 20

How can otoliths be used in foraging studies?

Answer 20

Can see what species the fish eats, otolith is hard to digest

Question 21

What can we study about otoliths?

Answer 21

Rings of otolith can tell age. Otoconial is not one solid structure so unable to do this.

Question 22

What is a chemical footprint in otoliths?

Answer 22

Can see the environment fish is in from ions in otolith

Question 23

Path of sound wave from outside to brain

Answer 23

Endolymph gel (semicircular canal), moves to otolith and otolithic canal, hair cells stimulated and message to brain

Question 24

Direct route vs indirect route

Answer 24

Direct route - sound waves pass directly through head

Indirect route - amplifies sound waves through gas bladder

Question 25

What is the labyrinth organ?

Answer 25

Extension of gill arch in contact with sacculus

Question 26

What is the Weberian apparatus?

Answer 26

Small series of bones connected with gas bladder that trasmits sound waves from gas bladder to ear

Question 27

What can cause higher frequency hearing in fish?

Answer 27

Indrect route, modified hearing (ex. gas bladder)

Question 28

Lateral line can be involved in hearing what frequency sounds?

Answer 28

Low frequency

Question 29

What are sonic muscles?

Answer 29

contracts muscles to vibrate gas bladder