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EEB382 > Week 3- Lateral Line System > Flashcards

Week 3- Lateral Line System Flashcards

1
Q

What sense is lateral line system

A

Touch

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2
Q

What is svenning

A

sensing of disturbed particles

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3
Q

What is the glycosaminoglycan gel in neuromasts

A

Cupula

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4
Q

The 2 types of cilia in mechanoreceptors, long and short

A

Kinocilium (long, 1x) and Stereocilia (short, ~50x)

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5
Q

The 2 types of nerve fibers and function

A

Afferent - excitatory

Efferent- inhibitory

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6
Q

Mechanoreceptor 2 orientations

A

Kinocilium on left and kinocilium on right

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7
Q

How do cilias detect?

A

Cupula movement caused by water flow

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8
Q

Which polarization sends message to brain? depolarization or hyperdepolarization?

A

Depolarization

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9
Q

Which way does cilia bend to cause depolarization?

A

Cilia bends toward kinocilium (small hair to big)

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10
Q

What orientation of cilia causes hyperpolarization?

A

Cilia bends away from kinocilium (big hair to small hair)

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11
Q

Does intensity of hair bend provide information on stimulus? Yes or No

A

Yes

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12
Q

Properties of superficial neuromasts

A

Directly on surface of fish, sensitive to flow of water, called pit organs in some fish

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13
Q

Is pit organ a type of superficial neuromast or canal neuromast

A

Superficial

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14
Q

Properties of canal neuromasts

A

In canals of fish not directly in contact with external environment, indirect stimulation connected to outside via pores

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15
Q

What does canal neuromaste require to be stimulated?

A

Pressure gradient

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16
Q

What is the boundary layer?

A

Friction on sides of tube to cause fluid to flow slower, requiring stronger stimulus

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17
Q

Which neuromast detects movement better?

A

Canal neuromasts

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18
Q

Which neuromast detects water flow better?

A

Superficial neuromasts

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19
Q

Define rheotaxis

A

Swimming against current flow

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20
Q

Which neuromast is important for rheotaxis

A

Superficial Neuromast

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21
Q

Vortex footprints uses in foraging

A

Detecting prey, and types of fish from trace of vortex footprint left behind

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22
Q

Which neuromast essential for prey detection by vortex footprint

A

Canal neuromasts, better for detecting movement

23
Q

Example of canal neuromast-like superficial neuromast and its use

A

Detecting water surface

24
Q

What are ways to minimize detection from own movement

A

Gliding when foraging

25
Q

Other uses of gliding

A

At night when limited visibility, fish may glide for better senses with neuromasts

26
Q

Developments from evolution for gliding

A

large fins

27
Q

Where are lateral lines to minimize own disturbance

A

Higher up on body

28
Q

Reproduction uses of lateral line

A

Finding mates, dancing

29
Q

Instraspecific communication with lateral line

A

dancing, shaking, courting and mating

30
Q

What happens when the lateral line is damaged

A

When lateral line is damaged, increased aggressiveness

31
Q

How lateral line affects schooling

A

helps coordination, when lateral line damaged ability to school decreases

32
Q

Hydrodynamic imaging

A

3D image of the environment from noise and lateral line

33
Q

Relationship between sleep and lateral line

A

For fish that depend more on lateral line, (blind) sleep increased when lateral line damaged

34
Q

Levels of SN and CN for fish in fast moving water and fast swimmers

A

low SN high CN

35
Q

Fish with high predation pressure

A

high SN

36
Q

Electroreception

A

detecting weak electric signals of muscle contraction on lateral line

37
Q

Passive electroreception vs Active electroreception

A

Passive electroreception- detection 24/7

Active electroreception- emit signals and detect disturbances of signals emitted (HIGHER FREQ)

38
Q

Ampullary Organ - what type of electroreception and properties

A

jelly-like, passive more common

39
Q

Tuberous Organs - what type of electroreception and properties

A

plug-like, active

40
Q

What type of electroreception is Ampullae of Lorenzini

A

Passive electroreception in sharks

41
Q

What type of electroreception is pit organs

A

passive electroreception in catfish

42
Q

What type of electroreception is tuberous organ

A

active electroreception in knifefish and elephant fish

43
Q

Is electroreception of mammals from lateral line

A

no, lost lateral line system when moved to land

44
Q

Electroreceptor functions

A

species recognition since different species emit different electric signals

45
Q

Mating and electroreceptors (difference in signal)

A

Males and females can produce different signals useful for finding mates and determining quality of mates

46
Q

Electroreceptor and schooling

A

When no electroreception while schooling, performance decreases increases predation risk

47
Q

What do heavy metals damage

A

neuromasts

48
Q

Can neuromasts regenerate and why

A

Yes, stem cells

49
Q

What heavy metals are worst for neuromasts

A

cadmium and zinc

50
Q

Effects of stormwater on neuromasts

A

decrease number of neuromasts during development

51
Q

What compound can counter storm water effects on neuromasts

A

LiCl

52
Q

Hatcheries negative effects on neuromasts

A

Farmed fish have less superficial neuromasts affecting directional swimming (rheotaxis)

53
Q

How can an increase in mercury affect electroreception?

A

Increase glutamate levels affecting frequency of electrical signals, increases electrical signals in active electroreception

EEB382 (5 decks)

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