week 4 - gene expression

Question 1

what is gene expression?

Answer 1

• Gene expression is the multistep biochemical process that decodes nucleotide sequences into proteins

Question 2

transcription and translation in bacteria

Answer 2

coupled

Question 3

gene expression in eukaryotes

Answer 3

compartmentalised

more complex
E.g. splicing
- introns removed before RNA is translated
- this is a feature of eukaryotic gene expression
amplification
- one mRNA translated many times

Question 4

gene expression eukaryotes
translation is done by the…

Answer 4

ribosome

Question 5

gene expression eukaryotes
translation must start from the…

Answer 5

same place each time

so always bind to 5’ cap

Question 6

what is required for initiation of translation in bacterial and eukaryotic cells

Answer 6

protein factors

• see notes for what factors do what

Question 7

translation elongation

Answer 7

peptide bond formation

• see notes for diagram

Question 8

the ribosomes
where

Answer 8

Many proteins are synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum

Some are free in the cytosol

Question 9

most of the RNA in cells is:

Answer 9

ribosomal RNA

Question 10

Translation is neurons:

Answer 10

• Are some proteins synthesised in particular locations
• There are 80S ribosomes in axons and synapses

Question 11

types of cell

Answer 11

Have in common the same DNA but are different because of the genes they express