Week 4 - Functions Of Stomach

Question 1

what does the stomach digest?

Answer 1

Mainly proteins

Question 2

What are the sections of the stomach and roughly where are they?

Answer 2

Cardia - near heart, by lower esophageal sphincter
Fundus - at the top
Body - main part
Antrim - lower section after curve

Question 3

What marks the exit of the stomach?

Answer 3

Pylorus

Question 4

Where i the angular is located?

Answer 4

On the lesser curve

Question 5

What is the epithelium of the esophagus?

Answer 5

Stratified squamous

Question 6

What is the epithelium of the stomach?

Answer 6

Simple columnar

Question 7

Why has the epithelium changed from esophagus to stomach?

Answer 7

For secretion

Question 8

What are the little holes visible in the stomach?

Answer 8

Gastric pits

Question 9

What types of cells are found in the gastric pits?

Answer 9

Mucous cells
Parietal cells
Chief cells
G cells

Question 10

What is the important feature of smooth muscle in the stomach?

Answer 10

Has an extra oblique layer allowing to mix and grind contents more effectivly

Question 11

What is the importance of sustained contraction in the upper stomach?

Answer 11

Creates basal tone which reduces reflux

Question 12

How does the stomach pass food along?

Answer 12

Coordinated contractions proximal to distal
Contents accelerate to smaller end
Separates contents - lumps left behind
Liquid chyme ejected into duodenum

Question 13

Why do we need rugae?

Answer 13

We eat faster than we digest so we need a store of food

Rugae give stomach ability to distend

Question 14

what is perceptive relaxation?

Answer 14

Vagally mediated relaxation of road stomach

Question 15

What is the importance of perceptive relaxation?

Answer 15

Allows food to enter stomach without raising intra-gastric pressure too much, prevents reflux of stomach contents during swallowing

Question 16

What is the road stomach?

Answer 16

The top half of stomach

Question 17

Why do we need the stomach to be acidic?

Answer 17

Helps unravel proteins
Activates pro teases
Disinfects stomach contents

Question 18

What does the stomach secrete?

Answer 18

HCl
Intrinsic factor
Mucous/bicarbonate
Pepsinogen

Question 19

What is intrinsic factor?

Answer 19

A glycoproteins that enables absorption of vitamin B12

Question 20

What do parietal cells secrete?

Answer 20

HCl and intrinsic factor

Question 21

What cells secrete gastric?

Answer 21

G cells

Question 22

What is the function of gastrin?

Answer 22

Peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of HCl

Question 23

What do enterochromaffin like (ECL) cells secrete?

Answer 23

Histamine

Question 24

What cells secrete pepsinogen?

Answer 24

Chief cells

Question 25

What do D cells secrete?

Answer 25

Somatostatin

Question 26

What is somatostatin?

Answer 26

A hormone secreted by pancreas and pituitary gland which inhibits gastric HCl secretion and somatotropin release

Question 27

What cells secrete mucous?

Answer 27

Mucous cells

Question 28

What cells are found in the cardia of the stomach?

Answer 28

Predominantly mucous cells

Question 29

What is secreted in the fundus/body of the stomach?

Answer 29

Mucous
HCl
Pepsinogen

Question 30

What is secreted in the pylorus?

Answer 30

Gastrin

Somatostatin

Question 31

What stimulates HCl secretion from parietal cells?

Answer 31

Gastrin
Histamine
ACh

Question 32

Where is gastrin produced?

Answer 32

Pyloric antrum of stomach
Duodenum
Pancreas

Question 33

What is the main stimulant of HCl and how does it work?

Answer 33

Gastrin released into blood stream and acts on enteroendocrine cells which release CCK which stimulates release of HCl from parietal cells