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Gastrointestinal System > Week 2 - Development Of The Peritoneum And Foregut > Flashcards

Week 2 - Development Of The Peritoneum And Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

How do we get a ventral body wall and a gut within a cavity?

A

Embryonic folding

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2
Q

In the 4th week when the embryo folds laterally, what does this create?

A

Ventral body wall, primitive gut becomes tubular

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3
Q

In the 4th week when the embryo folds craniocaudally, what does this create?

A

Cranial and caudal pockets from yolk sac endoderm

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4
Q

Describe the embryonic divisions of the gut?

A

Foregut and hindgut are blind ended diverticula

midgut has opening at first and is continuous with yolk sac

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5
Q

What does gut tube pinch off from yolk sac?

A

3rd week

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6
Q

Where does the gut tube run from?

A

Stomatodeum (future mouth) to proctodeum (future anus) with an opening at umbilicus

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7
Q

What is the internal ling of the primitive gut derived from?

A

Endoderm - future epithelial linings

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8
Q

What is the external lining of the primitive gut tube derived from?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm - future musculature and visceral peritoneum

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9
Q

What does the foregut mature into?

A 
Oesophagus
stomach
pancreas
liver and gall bladder
duodenum proximal to bile duct entrance
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10
Q

What does the midgut develop into?

A 
Duodenum distal to entrance of bile duct
jejunum
ileum
cecum
ascending colon
proximal 2/3 transverse colon
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11
Q

What does the hindgut develop into?

A 
Distal 1/3 transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
upper anal canal
lining of bladder and urethra
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12
Q

What artery supplies the foregut?

A

Celiac trunk

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13
Q

What artery supplies the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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14
Q

What artery supplies the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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15
Q

What is the intraembryonic coelom?

A

Begins as one large cavity

later subdivides by future diaphragm into abdominal and thoracic cavities

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16
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

A potential space that under normal conditions should contain nothing

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17
Q

What are the mesenteries?

A

Double layer of peritoneum suspending the gut tube from the abdominal wall which allows for a blood and nervous supply

18
Q

How is the mesentery formed?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm surround new gut, condensation of this mesoderm forms the mesentery

19
Q

What are the two mesenteries and where are they?

A

Dorsal mesentery suspends the entire gut tube from the dorsal body wall, ventral mesentery only in the region of foregut

20
Q

In the foregut how do the mesenteries divide the cavity?

A

Into the left and right sac

21
Q

What does the left sac contribute to?

A

The greater sac

22
Q

What does the right sac contribute to?

A

The lesser sac

23
Q

What are omenta?

A

Specialised regions of peritoneum

24
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

Formed by dorsal mesentery

first structure seen when abdominal cavity is opened anteriorly

25
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

Formed from the ventral mesentery

free edge conducts the portal triad

26
Q

How are the omenta and the greater and lesser sacs formed?

A

Rotation of the stomach

27
Q

How does the stomach rotate?

A

In two directions

Around the longitudinal axis and around the anteroposterior axis

28
Q

What is the result of stomach rotation?

A

Greater and lesser curves lie first on the right and left sides
then cardia and pyloris move horizontally
pushing greater curve inferiorly
puts the vagus nerves anterior and posterior to the stomach instead of left and right
shifts cardia and pylorus from the midline
moves lesser sac behind stomach
creates greater omentum

29
Q

What is peritoneal reflection?

A

A change in direction - from parietal peritoneum to mesentery, from mesentery to viscera, peritoneum etc.

30
Q

What if there is no mesentery?

A

structures are not suspended within the abdominal cavity and are retroperitoneal

31
Q

Whats the different between retroperitoneal and secondary retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal is where they were never in the peritoneal cavity and never had a mesentery
secondary retroperitoneal organs began development in the peritoneum and had a mesentery but during growth and development the mesentery was lost through fusion at posterior abdominal wall

32
Q

How does the oesophagus form?

A

In 4th week respiratory diverticulum forms in ventral wall of foregut at junction with pharyngeal gut
Forms respiratory primordium ventrally and oesophagus dorsally

33
Q

What causes the respiratory primordium to become separate from the oesophagus?

A

Tracheoesophageal septum develops

34
Q

Name some problems that might occur from abnormal positioning of tracheoesophageal septum?

A

Proximal blind-ended tube

thracheoesophageal fistula

35
Q

How is the greater curve of the stomach created?

A

Faster growth of the dorsal border

36
Q

What foregut derived glands are formed in the ventral mesentery?

A

Liver
biliary system
part of pancreas (uncinate process and inferior head)

37
Q

What foregut derived glands are formed in the dorsal mesentery?

A

Pancreas - superior head, neck, body and tail

38
Q

What do the intestines have to develop outside the body?

A

The liver occupies a large proportion of the abdomen during development so there is not space

39
Q

How does the duodenum develop?

A

Develops from caudal foregut and cranial midgut
grows rapidly
forming a C shaped loop when the stomach rotates

40
Q

How does rotation of the stomach position the duodenum?

A

Causes duodenum to forma c shaped loop and pushes it to the right and then against the posterior abdominal wall

41
Q

What are the secondary retroperitoneal structure of the foregut?

A

Duodenum

pancreas

Gastrointestinal System (15 decks)

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