WEEK 4 - fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Question 1

What is the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance? (%)

Answer 1

total body fluid - 60%

intracellular - 40%

extracellular - 20%

intravascular - plasma 5%

interstitial - 15%

Question 2

osmosis

Answer 2

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 3

diffusion

Answer 3

movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 4

active transport

Answer 4

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

Question 5

crystalloids

Answer 5

salts that dissolve readily into true solutions

Question 6

colloids

Answer 6

a mixture containing small, undissolved particles that do not settle out

Question 7

hypervolemia

hypovolemia

Answer 7

high levels of extracellular fluid in the body

low levels of extracellular fluid in the body

Question 8

hypertonic

hypertonic

Answer 8

hypotonic has a LOWER concentration of fluid, sugars and salt than blood

hypertonic has a HIGHER concentration of fluid, sugars and salt than blood

Question 9

isotonic

Answer 9

Describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell.

Question 10

enzymes

Answer 10

proteins that act as biological catalysts (biocatalysts). Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions.

Question 11

cations vs anions

Answer 11

c are +

a are -

Question 12

6 main electrolytes:

Answer 12

1. sodium +
2. chloride -
3. calcium
4. potassium
5. phosphate -
6. magnesium +

Question 13

SODIUM

intra or extracellular?
mmol/L?

What is it responsible for? (3)

Answer 13

• extracellular
• 135-145 mmol/l
• ECF fluid volume
• nerve impulses
• regulate acid-base

Question 14

CHLORINE

intra or extracellular?
mmol/L?

What is it responsible for? (2)

Answer 14

extracellular
96-110 mmol/L

• gastric secretions
• regulate acid-base balance

Question 15

CALCIUM

intra or extracellular?
mmol/L?

What is it responsible for? (3)

Answer 15

extracellular
2.1-2.6 mmol/L

• nerve impulses
• muscle contractions
• blood clotting
• bone formation

Question 16

POTASSIUM

intra or extracellular?
mmol/L?

What is it responsible for? (4)

Answer 16

intracellular
3.5-5 mmol/L

• cardiac/neuromuscular function
• nerve conduction
• cardiac conduction
• skeletal/smooth muscle function

Question 17

PHOSPHORUS

intra or extracellular?
mmol/L?

What is it responsible for? (4)

Answer 17

intracellular
0.8-1.5 mmol/L

• nerve muscle red blood cell function
• bone formation
• cell metabolism
• metabolism fat & protein

Question 18

MAGNESIUM

intra or extracellular?
mmol/L?

What is it responsible for? (3)

Answer 18

intracellular
0.8-1 mmol/L

• intracellular metabolism
• nerve conduction
• cardiac conduction

Question 19

What do fluids and electrolytes do?

Answer 19

• maintain hydration levels
• aid conduction of electrical impulses in muscles including the heart
• helps acid-base balance
• cell function and structure

Question 20

What do infiltration/extravasation, phlebitis, air embolism and cellulitus mean?

Answer 20

I: fluid flowing into tissue surrounding vein

P: inflammation of vein wall from fluid irritation/meds/cannula

AE: air bubble enters vein

C: a HAI of the tissue surrounding insertion site

Question 21

Potential complications of IV therapy:

Answer 21

• brusing
• infection
• phlebitis
• infiltration/extravasation
• cellulitis
• air embolism
• hypervolaemia