Week 4 - Empowerment & Capacity Building w. Families/Communities Flashcards
Define empowerment:
“A social process of recognizing, promoting, and enhancing peoples abilities to meet their own needs, solve their own problems and mobilize the necessary resources in order to feel in control of their own lives”
T/F
For programs to be successful a community must possess some capacity for growth and change - in order to build capacity
True
How do community health nurses promote empowerment?
All clients to recognize promote and enhance their lives by meeting their own needs solving their own problems and using resources that will help them feel in control
- Ex. black lives matter movement
What does empowerment require? (5)
1) Access to information
2) Range of options
3) Assertiveness to express ideas and to stand-up for oneself
4) Belief that one can make a difference
5) Learning to think critically
T/F
For clients to be empowered: nurses need to provide their clients with access to information and a range of options this will promote their autonomy and ensure that they are making informed decisions
true
- Empowerment also requires advocacy/ enhancing the client’s ability to express their ideas and stand up for themselves
Empowerment is based on the notion that…
… one can make a difference
Why does empowerment require critical thinking?
It requires critical thinking to determine how exactly can nurses recognize promote and enhance people’s lives and what can they do if a barrier arises
Nursing empowerment is… (2)
1) A process by which people gain greater control/responsibility over their health; and
2) Involves enhancing the capacity of individuals, families, or communities to make choices to achieve their political, social, cultural and health goals.
List the 8 Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards:
- Health Promotion
- Prevention and Health Protection
- Health Maintenance, Restoration and Palliation
- Professional Relationships
- Capacity Building
- Health Equity
- Evidenced-Informed Practice
- Professional Responsibility and Accountability
What is capacity building?
A process that strengthens the ability of an individual, an organization, a community, or a health system to develop and implement health promotion initiatives and sustain positive health outcomes over time
- Overcome client deficits
What does capacity building look like as a CHN? (2)
1) Encourages and supports the community to be active in stating and taking ownership of health issues, and decision-making
2) Partner with clients and communities to promote capacity by recognizing barriers to health and mobilizing and building existing strengths
What is a community asset map?
After developing a partnership when using the capacity building approach nurses should identify a community’s resource & supports …known as assets.
- A good way to outline the assets strengths resources and capacities of the community is to create a community asset map
- Assets can be defined in many ways …they include people who make up the community & includes physical structures such as recreation centres, libraries
- Also includes community services such as public transportation
What is community asset map used for? How is data collected?
Used to:
- Outline the assets and capacity
- Identify strengths
- Identify potential resources for interventions
Data Collected:
- Skills and experiences
- Services
- Physical and financial resources
T/F
Sometimes there’s actually a lot of resource located within the community but members are unsure how to access them
True
Who do CHNs work with?
- What type of efforts?
CHNs work with different sectors such as education, housing, public works, etc. and coordinate efforts
- Efforts viewed in terms of upstream or downstream inter-sectoral thinking
T/F
We can view older adults as a homogenous group?
False
- Diversity in socioeconomic status, culture, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, etc.
- Consideration should be given to populations who are minorities in relation to language, rural, indigenous, or immigrants
What is the healthy immigrant effect?
- Have better health status than people living in Canada
- Lasts 5y then tends to deteriorate
- Result of health literacy
The number of older outs globally is projected to double by the year 2050, many predict increased health care spending but it is based on the premise that older adults are frail and excessive users of health care
- Why is this wrong to assume?
These views perpetuate ageist and negative
- Assume all elderly do not have access to healthcare nor can take care of themselves when in reality they may be able to
List 7 health promotions factors for older adults:
- Physical Activity and Fall Prevention
- Healthy Eating
- Medication Safety/Polypharmacy
- Immunizations
- Sexual Health
- Mental Health
- Elder Abuse
Define gender identity:
How you, in your head, define and understand your gender based on the options for gender you know to exist
Define gender expression:
The ways you demonstrate gender through your dress, actions, and demeanour
Define biological sex:
The physical parts of your body that we think of as either male or female
T/F
Gender is not a social construct
False
- Gender is a social construct
- It encompasses the roles behaviours activities and attributes that societies considered to be appropriate for men and women
How is masculinity or femininity created?
As a social construct societal and cultural values influence gender roles and dictate over time what it means to be masculine or feminine
What is wrong with healthcare in relation to gender based expectations?
A one size fits all approach
Indigenous communities have different expressions and definitions of gender
- What is the 2S?
Two S refers to two spirited which represents individuals with both masculine and feminine spirits
T/F
- Prior to colonization, gender relations were more equal
True
- Gender is more than a fluid concept between being a man or a woman
What is institutionalized gender?
Institutionalized gender highlights the distribution of power between genders in politics, education, religion, media, medical field, and social institutions in society
- Example: Men vs. women payscale
T/F
Life expectancy for women is lower than men roughly five years but they commonly experienced poorer health
False
- It is higher for women
- They experience poorer health too
- Ex. Heart attack experience men vs. women
What are 6 leading health issues for men vs. women?
Men
- Cardiovascular disease
- Respiratory disorders
- Stress, depression
- Suicide
- Accidental injuries
- Addiction/substance misuse
Women
- Violence, abuse
- Anxiety, depression, stress
- Body dissatisfaction
- Getting older, poverty
- MSK disease
- Autoimmune diseases
- Cardiovascular disease
Gender bias:
- Overgeneralization
- Gender and sex insensitivity
1) the assumption that if it is good for men it is good for women
2) ignoring these variables
What is a gender bias lens?
Using a gender lens to examine a context to identify the unique constraints and opportunities men and women face
What does a gender bias lens enable?
Enables CHNs to examine the impact of biological sex, gender, and gender bias to uncover where men, women, and transgendered people are facing barriers in accessing programs and services
What is a gender biased plus lens?
Allows CHNs to further consider role of race, ability, class, sexual orientation, and Indigenous status
What can we ask when using a gender bias lens?
1) How is the problem different for men and women ?
2) How are the different contexts in the lives of boys and girls , men and women addressed?
3) How is diversity within subgroups of women and men, boys and girls identified and taken into account?
4) What intended and unintended outcomes for men and women can be identified?
5) What other social , political economic realities are taken into account?
What is the role of the CHN in gender bias?
1) Challenge the status quo
2) Advocate to eliminate gender-based inequities
3) Encourage all CHNs to engage in GBA+ training
4) Take upstream action to eliminate oppression and discrimination
5) Collaborate with transgender individuals to enhance their visibility
6) Use a gender-based lens in health promotion
