Week 4: Distributive Infrastructure System Flashcards
What is the Energy System (IPCC)?
All components related to the production, conversion, delivery, and use of energy
What are the two sources of energy?
1.) Primary energy –> sun, waves, coal, oil
2.) Secondary energy —> electricity, heat
Here is a fun fact about the energy system
The energy system is the largest contributor to global GHG emissions
How is electricity generated?
Low-carbon sources such as Hydropower, Nuclear, Solar, Biofiels, and other renewables
What are the factors that reduce the availability of good-quality water?
1.) Urban development
2.) Industrial growth
3.) Environmental pollution
4.) Built infrastructure
What effect would water losses/leaks cause?
More leak > more treatment > more energy required to fix it > more carbon footprint
How do we minimise the water demand?
1.) water sensitive design
2.) Alternative water sources
3.) Alternative water uses
What is the largest source of emissions in the food system?
Livestock, where sheep and cows produce 100 times more methane than they used to have.
What is enteric fermentation?
Gasses come out of livestock
How do we mitigate the climate change impact of the energy system?
1.) Production side: transition away from Fossil fuels
2.) Consumption side: improve energy efficiency
How do we mitigate the emissions from the electricity system?
1.) Production side: zero or low-carbon electricity generation
2.) Consumption side: minimising energy use
How do we mitigate the emissions from the water supply system?
1.) Production side: energy efficiency improvements (minimisation of energy requirements)
2.) Consumption side: Reduction of demand for treated water (alternative water use/water reuse)
How do we mitigate the emissions from the food system?
1.) Production side: minimising emissions from enteric fermentation
2.) Consumption side: Reduce demand for high-emissions product
Why is a network important in infrastructure?
- failure analysis
- Determine important structure
- Optimisation
How do we determine the size of the network?
The number of nodes and links, for example, the shortest path is the shortest distance between 2 nodes where it usually has lowest number of links
What is number of cycles?
Number of loops in a network [ M = L-N+S]
What is beta-index?
Simple measure of network complexity [ beta = L/N], more links ,ore complex
What is Degree of connectivity?
the ratio of actual to potential number of links
What are the three types of centrality?
1.) Eigenvalue centrality: based on the importance of neighbours
2.) Closeness centrality: based on access to all other nodes
3.) Betweenness centrality: based on the usefulness of connecting any node to another
