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Evidence Based Practice > Week 4 Content > Flashcards

Week 4 Content Flashcards

1
Q

What is a quasi-experiment?

A

Similar to experimental design but lacks either a control group, random assignment, or both

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2
Q

What are the two type of designs for quasi-experiments?

A

One-group design, multigroup deisng

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3
Q

What are the types of one group design of quasi-experiments?

A

One group pretest-postest/one way repeated measures and time series design

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4
Q

What are the possible patterns of one-group design?

A

Sample study -> pretest -> intervention -> posttest. OR. Sample study -> pretest -> intervention -> Posttest 1 -? Posttest 2. OR. Sample study -> pretest -> intervention -> posttest 1 -> intervention ->posttest 2

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5
Q

What does the one group design have threats to internal validity?

A

History, maturation, statistical regression, instrumentation (anything else that could be causing the change)

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6
Q

What is a times series design?

A

Multiple pretests and posttests act as a pseudocontrol condition

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7
Q

Describe the pattern of a time series design.

A

Sample study -> Prestest 1->2->3 -> intervention -> Postest 1->2->3

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8
Q

What are the types of multigroup design?

A

Nonquivalent pretest-postest control group and historical contents AND Nonequivalent posttest only design

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9
Q

Describe the Nonequivalent pretest-postest Design.

A

Experimental group -> pretest -> intervention -> posttest and control group -> pretest -> nothing/placebo -> Posttest

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10
Q

What are the advantages to the nonequivalent pretest-postest design?

A

Use of control group has some control over internal validity, test equivalency of groups based on prescores

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11
Q

What are the ethical concerns of nonquivalent pretest-postest design?

A

Lack of randomization

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12
Q

Describe the Nonequivalent posttest only design.

A

Experimental group -> intervention -> postest and control group -> nothing/placebo -> posttest

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages to the nonequivalent posttest only design?

A

No knowledge of baseline, no way to test equivalency of groups based on prescores

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14
Q

What do single-subject designs allow for?

A

Cause and effect inferences

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15
Q

Why are cause and effect inferences allowed in a single subject study?

A

Rigorous planning and control phase

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16
Q

Which type of research design is individualistic?

A

Single subject

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17
Q

What is the IV for a single subject design?

A

Treatment (levels are the phases)

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18
Q

What is the dependent variable for a single subject design?

A

Patient response

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19
Q

How do single subject studies differ from case studies?

A

Repeat measurements and design phases

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20
Q

What does the baseline phase of a single subject design evaluate for?

A

Stability and trend

21
Q

What is stability in a study?

A

little variability

22
Q

What is a trend in a study?

A

Indication that change is occuring without intervention

23
Q

What are the two types of single subject design studies?

A

AB design, ABA design

24
Q

What is the AB design?

A

baseline phase and treatment phase

25
Q

What is the ABA design?

A

Baseline phase + treatment phase + baseline phase

26
Q

What are the advantages of AB design?

A

Can observe changes between

27
Q

What are the disadvantages of the AB design?

A

Unsure if B was due to some confounding variable

28
Q

What are the advantages of the ABA design?

A

can determine if A really caused B since target behavior should return to baseline

29
Q

What are the disadvantages of the ABA design?

A

Behavior must be reversible

30
Q

What is the data analysis based on in a single subject study?

A

Visual trends, variability assessment

31
Q

What is the purpose of exploratory/observational studies?

A

To look for relationships

32
Q

What type of research is the data collected as they exist?

A

Observational

33
Q

What type of research is the investigation of relationships between two or more variables?

A

Exploratory

34
Q

What is the meaning of a longitudinal study?

A

Has a time component

35
Q

What is a cross-sectional study?

A

One time point

36
Q

What is a retrospective study?

A

Type of longitudinal study that looks back in time

37
Q

What is a prospective study?

A

Type of longitudinal study that looks forward in time

38
Q

What is a correlation study?

A

based on covariation, does not imply causation but finds a relationship

39
Q

What is a case control/cohort study?

A

Intented to study risk factors, establish an association between disease and exposure

40
Q

What are the key differences in case control studies and cohort studies?

A

Case control: based on if they do or do not have disorder, examine if exposure is different, works well for rare conditions, retrospective. Cohort? Subjects based on exposure of not, usually prospective, examine if different incidence of disease, doesn’t work well for rare conditions

41
Q

What are the 5 criteria to be met for an observational study to provide evidence for cause and effect?

A
  1. time sequence 2. strength of association 3. biologic credibility 4. consistency 5. dose-response relationship
42
Q

What is methodological research?

A

Clinical applications and foundational to future research

43
Q

What is secondary analysis?

A

using existing database to examine relationships between variables

44
Q

What are the types of descriptive research?

A

Natural history, normative studies, qualitative, surveys, and case studies

45
Q

What is a case study?

A

a single case report or case series

46
Q

What are the characteristics of a case study?

A

Usually retrospective, less standardized and controlled, doesn’t meet the IRB definition of research, less internal validity, often external validity is “cherry picked”

47
Q

What are the four purposes of descriptive research?

A
  1. understanding unusual conditions 2. examples of innovative or creative therapies 3. generating and testing theory 4. providing future research directives
48
Q

What is qualitative research?

A

Finding out why, who, where, when, how as apposed to how much?, just meant to understand a phenomenon. done via observation, interview, focus group, survey

Evidence Based Practice (6 decks)

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