Week 4 - Chapter 9 - "Energy Balance and Weight Management" Flashcards
adipocyte
A cell that stores fat.
adjustable gastric banding
A surgical procedure in which an adjustable band is placed around the upper portion of the stomach to limit the volume that the stomach can hold and the rate of stomach emptying.
anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation, a distorted body image, abnormally low body weight, and a pathological fear of becoming fat.
appetite
A desire to consume specific foods that is independent of hunger.
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The rate of energy expenditure under resting conditions. It is measured after 12 hours without food or exercise.
behavior modification
A process that is used to gradually and permanently change habitual behaviors.
binge-eating disorder
An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating accompanied by a loss of control over eating in the absence of purging behavior.
body composition
The term is used to describe the different components (lean versus fat tissues) that when taken together make up an individual’s body weight.
body image
The way a person perceives and imagines his or her body.
body mass index (BMI)
A measure of body weight relative to height that is used to compare body size with a standard.
bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by the consumption of a large amount of food at one time (binge eating), followed by purging behaviors such as self-induced vomiting to prevent weight gain.
eating disorder
A psychological illness characterized by specific abnormal eating behaviors, often intended to control weight.
energy balance
The amount of energy consumed in the diet compared with the amount expended by the body over a given period.
gastric bypass
A surgical procedure that reduces the size of the stomach and bypasses a portion of the small intestine.
gastric sleeve surgery
A bariatric surgical procedure that removes part of the stomach leaving a thin vertical sleeve about the size of a banana, The smaller stomach restricts the amount of food that can be consumed at one session and therefore reduces caloric intake,
ghrelin
A hormone produced by the stomach that affects food intake.
hunger
A desire to consume food that is triggered by internal physiological signals or the recurrent involuntary lack of food that over time may lead to malnutrition.
lean body mass
Body mass attributed to nonfat body components such as bone muscle, and internal organs; also called fat-free mass.
leptin
A protein hormone produced by adipocytes that signals information about the amount of body fat.
liposuction
A procedure that suctions out adipose tissue from under the skin; used to decrease the size of local fat deposits such as on the abdomen or hips.
nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
The energy expended for everything we do other than sleeping, eating, or sports-like exercise.
obese
Having excess body fat. Obesity is defined as having a body mass index (ratio of weight to height squared) of 30 kg/m2 or greater.
obesity genes
Genes that code for proteins involved in the regulation of body fat. When they are abnormal, the result is abnormal amounts of body fat.
overweight
Being too heavy for one’s height, usually due to an excess of body fat. Overweight is defined as having a body mass index (ratio of weight to height squared) of 25 to 29.9 kg/meter2 (kg/m2).
