Week 4 - Chapter 9 - "Energy Balance and Weight Management"

Question 1

adipocyte

Answer 1

A cell that stores fat.

Question 2

adjustable gastric banding

Answer 2

A surgical procedure in which an adjustable band is placed around the upper portion of the stomach to limit the volume that the stomach can hold and the rate of stomach emptying.

Question 3

anorexia nervosa

Answer 3

An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation, a distorted body image, abnormally low body weight, and a pathological fear of becoming fat.

Question 4

appetite

Answer 4

A desire to consume specific foods that is independent of hunger.

Question 5

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 5

The rate of energy expenditure under resting conditions. It is measured after 12 hours without food or exercise.

Question 6

behavior modification

Answer 6

A process that is used to gradually and permanently change habitual behaviors.

Question 7

binge-eating disorder

Answer 7

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating accompanied by a loss of control over eating in the absence of purging behavior.

Question 8

body composition

Answer 8

The term is used to describe the different components (lean versus fat tissues) that when taken together make up an individual’s body weight.

Question 9

body image

Answer 9

The way a person perceives and imagines his or her body.

Question 10

body mass index (BMI)

Answer 10

A measure of body weight relative to height that is used to compare body size with a standard.

Question 11

bulimia nervosa

Answer 11

An eating disorder characterized by the consumption of a large amount of food at one time (binge eating), followed by purging behaviors such as self-induced vomiting to prevent weight gain.

Question 12

eating disorder

Answer 12

A psychological illness characterized by specific abnormal eating behaviors, often intended to control weight.

Question 13

energy balance

Answer 13

The amount of energy consumed in the diet compared with the amount expended by the body over a given period.

Question 14

gastric bypass

Answer 14

A surgical procedure that reduces the size of the stomach and bypasses a portion of the small intestine.

Question 15

gastric sleeve surgery

Answer 15

A bariatric surgical procedure that removes part of the stomach leaving a thin vertical sleeve about the size of a banana, The smaller stomach restricts the amount of food that can be consumed at one session and therefore reduces caloric intake,

Question 16

ghrelin

Answer 16

A hormone produced by the stomach that affects food intake.

Question 17

hunger

Answer 17

A desire to consume food that is triggered by internal physiological signals or the recurrent involuntary lack of food that over time may lead to malnutrition.

Question 18

lean body mass

Answer 18

Body mass attributed to nonfat body components such as bone muscle, and internal organs; also called fat-free mass.

Question 19

leptin

Answer 19

A protein hormone produced by adipocytes that signals information about the amount of body fat.

Question 20

liposuction

Answer 20

A procedure that suctions out adipose tissue from under the skin; used to decrease the size of local fat deposits such as on the abdomen or hips.

Question 21

nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Answer 21

The energy expended for everything we do other than sleeping, eating, or sports-like exercise.

Question 22

obese

Answer 22

Having excess body fat. Obesity is defined as having a body mass index (ratio of weight to height squared) of 30 kg/m2 or greater.

Question 23

obesity genes

Answer 23

Genes that code for proteins involved in the regulation of body fat. When they are abnormal, the result is abnormal amounts of body fat.

Question 24

overweight

Answer 24

Being too heavy for one’s height, usually due to an excess of body fat. Overweight is defined as having a body mass index (ratio of weight to height squared) of 25 to 29.9 kg/meter2 (kg/m2).

Question 25

resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Answer 25

Total number of calories burned when your body is completely at rest. RMR supports breathing, circulating blood, organ functions, and basic neurological functions. It is proportional to lean body mass and decreases approximately 0.01 kcal/min for each 1% increase in body fatness.

Question 26

satiety

Answer 26

The feeling of fullness and satisfaction caused by food consumption that eliminates the desire to eat.

Question 27

set point

Answer 27

A level at which body fat or body weight seems to resist change despite changes in energy intake or output.

Question 28

subcutaneous fat

Answer 28

Adipose tissue located under the skin, which is not associated with a great increase in the risk of chronic diseases.

Question 29

thermic affect of food (TEF) or diet-induced thermogenesis

Answer 29

The energy required for the digestion of food and absorption, metabolism, and storage of nutrients.

Question 30

total energy expenditure

Answer 30

The sum of basal energy expenditure, the thermic effect of food, and the energy used in physical activity, regulation of body temperature, deposition of new tissue, and production of milk.

Question 31

visceral fat

Answer 31

Adipose tissue deposited in the abnormal cavity around the internal organs. High levels are associated with an increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, and breast cancer.