Week 4 - Chapter 10 - "Nutrition, Fitness, and Physical Activity" Flashcards
aerobic activity
Endurance activity that increases heart rate and uses oxygen to provide energy as ATP.
aerobic capacity
The maximum amount of oxygen that can be consumed by the tissues during exercise. Also called maximal oxygen consumption, or V02 max.
aerobic metabolism
Metabolism in the presence of oxygen.
atrophy
Wasting or decrease in the size of a muscle or other tissue caused by lack of use.
cardiorespiratory endurance
The efficiency with which the body delivers to cells the oxygen and nutrients needed for muscular activity and transports waste products from cells.
creatine
A compound that can be converted into creatine phosphate, which replenishes muscle ATP during short bursts of activity. Creatine is a dietary supplement used by athletes to increase muscle mass and delay fatigue during short intense exercise.
creatine phosphate
A compound stored in muscle that can be broken down quickly to make ATP.
endorphins
Compounds that cause a natural euphoria and reduce the perception of pain under certain stressful conditions.
ergogenic aid
A substance, an appliance, or a procedure that improves athletic performance.
female athlete triad
The combination of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis that occurs in some female athletes, particularly those involved in sports in which low body weight and appearance are important.
fitness
A set of attributes related to the ability to perform routine physical activities without undue fatigue.
glycogen supercompensation or carbohydrate loading
A regimen designed to increase muscle glycogen stores beyond their usual level.
heat cramps
Muscle cramps caused by an imbalance of sodium and potassium; may result from excessive exercise without adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement.
heat exhaustion
Low blood pressure, rapid pulse, fainting, and sweating caused when dehydration decreases blood volume so much that blood can no longer both cool the body and provide oxygen to the muscles.
heat-related illnesses
Conditions, including heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke, that can occur due to an unfavorable combination of exercise, hydration status, and climatic conditions.
heat stroke
Elevated body temperature as a result of fluid loss and the failure of the temperature regulatory center of the brain.
hypertrophy
An increase in the size of a muscle or organ.
lactic acid
An end product of anaerobic metabolism and an additive used in food to maintain acidity or form curds.
maximum heart rate
The maximum number of beats per minute that the heart can attain.
muscle endurance
The ability of a muscle group to continue muscle movement over time.
muscle strength
The amount of force that can be produced by a single contraction of a muscle.
muscle-strengthening exercise
Activities that are specifically designed to increase muscle strength, endurance, and size; also called strength-training exercise or resistance-training exercise.
overload principle
The concept that the body adapts to the stresses placed on it.
overtraining syndrome
A collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms that occur when the amount and intensity of exercise exceeds an athlete’s capacity to recover.
