Week 4 - Chapter 10 - "Nutrition, Fitness, and Physical Activity"

Question 1

aerobic activity

Answer 1

Endurance activity that increases heart rate and uses oxygen to provide energy as ATP.

Question 2

aerobic capacity

Answer 2

The maximum amount of oxygen that can be consumed by the tissues during exercise. Also called maximal oxygen consumption, or V02 max.

Question 3

aerobic metabolism

Answer 3

Metabolism in the presence of oxygen.

Question 4

atrophy

Answer 4

Wasting or decrease in the size of a muscle or other tissue caused by lack of use.

Question 5

cardiorespiratory endurance

Answer 5

The efficiency with which the body delivers to cells the oxygen and nutrients needed for muscular activity and transports waste products from cells.

Question 6

creatine

Answer 6

A compound that can be converted into creatine phosphate, which replenishes muscle ATP during short bursts of activity. Creatine is a dietary supplement used by athletes to increase muscle mass and delay fatigue during short intense exercise.

Question 7

creatine phosphate

Answer 7

A compound stored in muscle that can be broken down quickly to make ATP.

Question 8

endorphins

Answer 8

Compounds that cause a natural euphoria and reduce the perception of pain under certain stressful conditions.

Question 9

ergogenic aid

Answer 9

A substance, an appliance, or a procedure that improves athletic performance.

Question 10

female athlete triad

Answer 10

The combination of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis that occurs in some female athletes, particularly those involved in sports in which low body weight and appearance are important.

Question 11

fitness

Answer 11

A set of attributes related to the ability to perform routine physical activities without undue fatigue.

Question 12

glycogen supercompensation or carbohydrate loading

Answer 12

A regimen designed to increase muscle glycogen stores beyond their usual level.

Question 13

heat cramps

Answer 13

Muscle cramps caused by an imbalance of sodium and potassium; may result from excessive exercise without adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement.

Question 14

heat exhaustion

Answer 14

Low blood pressure, rapid pulse, fainting, and sweating caused when dehydration decreases blood volume so much that blood can no longer both cool the body and provide oxygen to the muscles.

Question 15

heat-related illnesses

Answer 15

Conditions, including heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke, that can occur due to an unfavorable combination of exercise, hydration status, and climatic conditions.

Question 16

heat stroke

Answer 16

Elevated body temperature as a result of fluid loss and the failure of the temperature regulatory center of the brain.

Question 17

hypertrophy

Answer 17

An increase in the size of a muscle or organ.

Question 18

lactic acid

Answer 18

An end product of anaerobic metabolism and an additive used in food to maintain acidity or form curds.

Question 19

maximum heart rate

Answer 19

The maximum number of beats per minute that the heart can attain.

Question 20

muscle endurance

Answer 20

The ability of a muscle group to continue muscle movement over time.

Question 21

muscle strength

Answer 21

The amount of force that can be produced by a single contraction of a muscle.

Question 22

muscle-strengthening exercise

Answer 22

Activities that are specifically designed to increase muscle strength, endurance, and size; also called strength-training exercise or resistance-training exercise.

Question 23

overload principle

Answer 23

The concept that the body adapts to the stresses placed on it.

Question 24

overtraining syndrome

Answer 24

A collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms that occur when the amount and intensity of exercise exceeds an athlete’s capacity to recover.

Question 25

resting heart rate

Answer 25

The number of times that the heart beats per minute while a person is at rest.

Question 26

sports anemia

Answer 26

A temporary decrease in hemoglobin concentration that occurs during exercise training. It occurs as an adaptation to training and does not impair delivery of oxygen to tissues,

Question 27

steroid precursors

Answer 27

An androgenic hormone produced primarily by the adrenal glands and gonads that acts as precursor in the production of testosterone and estrogen.