Week 4: Challenges in the Application of Psychology Knowledge to Practice + Forensic Guest

Question 1

Define reliability

Answer 1

The degree to which the result of a measurement, calculation, experiment can be depended upon to be accurate. The same results should be obtained when the measurement is repeated

Question 2

Define validity

Answer 2

The extent to which the construct measures what it intends to measure. The quality of being logically, factually sound

Question 3

What is the replicability crisis?

Answer 3

A group called the Open Sciences Collaboration reported in Science that more than half of 100 studies published in major psychology journals had failed that test, despite painstaking efforts to re-crease the original experiments (Horgan, 2016)

Question 4

What are some of the reasons for non-replication in the replication crisis?

Answer 4

Using of a different method

Performing the experiment under different conditions

Failing to find the original effect by chance

Original result was a false positive

Question 5

What is the difference between exact replication and conceptual replication?

Answer 5

Exact replication research follows the procedure of the original experiment, whereas conceptual replication tests the previously established principle, while diverging from the experimental methods of the study.

Question 6

What is structural change?

Answer 6

Changes made at the level of science institutions to encourage open science practices through changes in training, and incentives for scientists

Question 7

What is procedural change?

Answer 7

Changes made to the methods and procedures used in science, including more sensitive statistical methods and meta-analysis approaches

Question 8

What is community change?

Answer 8

Changes made to the way scientists work together and collaborate (more emphasis on teams)

Question 9

What should researchers do to address the issue of trust in the population?

Answer 9

Consider the message, and consider the source

Question 10

What is cultural competence?

Answer 10

The ability to participate ethically and effectively in personal and professional intercultural settings. It requires being aware of one’s own cultural values and world view, and their implications for making respectful, reflective and reasoned choices, including the capacity to imagine and collaborate across cultural boundaries.