Week 4: Bourgois and Neubeck and Glasberg Flashcards
How are individuals in societies linked?
They are linked through their participation in social institutions, including family, religion, state, education, and the economy.
Name the three levels of macro-level social structure.
World system, institutions, and society.
Social systems
Ongoing ways that groups of people organize themselves and relate to one another in order to survive. PEOPLE ORGANIZE
Social structure
Means of organizing recurring patterns of relationships within a social system. PATTERNSSSS
Macro-level social structures
large-scale mechanisms that organize and distribute individuals in an entire society, as opposed to small-scale, in interpersonal, structures.
Describe the analogous relationship between a social structure and an apartment building.
Tenants in an apartment building leave and are replaced over the years, but the structure of the building stays in tact. This is similar to a society because its members come and go, but its structure and foundation stays the same.
World Systems
Most complete macro-level structure in which all nations are connected to each other. They encompass all levels of cycle structure.
Global Division of Labor
The work required to produce these goods and services is broken into separate tasks, each performed largely by different groups of countries or groups within countries.
Core Nations
Production is based on technology that relies more on machinery than on human labor and in which human labor is relatively skilled and highly paid (U.S., Great Britain, Japan, and Canada).
Peripheral Nations
Production is based on technology that relies more on cheap human labor than on expensive machinery (Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Zaire, Lesotho, and Vietnam).
Semi-peripheral Nations
Countries in which production is based on a mixture of intermediate levels of machinery and human labor and in which human labor is semiskilled and paid intermediate levels of wages.
Why do societies organize themselves the way they do?
Because they need to organize the activities of their members to obtain the basic goods and services necessary for survival (food, clothing, shelter). SURVIVALLLLLL
From what do societies need to protect their members?
External and internal threats like invasions from other societies, destructive natural disasters, robbery, murder, and rape. THREATSSS
What do societies have to ensure for their survival?
Replace lost members, transmit knowledge of rights, obligations responsibilities, and expectations, and they need to motivate their new and existing members to fulfill their roles in society.
Social Institutions
Fulfill fundamental social needs.
