Week 4 Flashcards
Define: model
an example that can be used to imitate something
Define: process model
An example of how one representation is transformed into another representation
Define: module
important for understanding modularity of the mind
independent unit which when combined can be used to construct more complex units
Define: Fodorean modules
modules have specific input and specific output, and transform information in precise ways
Define: darwinian modules:
modules that evolved in the mind to serve a purpose
Functions of the mind (6)
Attention Perception Pattern recognition Memory Forming and manipulating visual images Problem solving
Define: attention
to take notice of something important; concentrated mental activity on an object or event
Define: selective
choosing the best option
Define: divided
separated
2 types of attention
- selective attention
- divided attention
Define: cocktail party effect
When you hear something of personal relevance,
your attention shifts to another source
Two categories of theory and five models of attention
Bottleneck theories: - Filter model - Attenuation model - Memory selection model - Multimode model Capacity theories: - Capacity model
Define: bottleneck theories for attention
a limited amount of information can enter the bottle neck; there is lots of information in the environment but only a limited amount of stimuli can be attended to
Define: capacity
maximum amount of something that can be contained
Define: capacity theories
attention is a resource that has a capacity; as long as attention capacity is not exceeded, attention can be allocated to more than one stimulus in the environment
Define: filter model of attention
only specific type of information can pass through the filter
Define: attenuation model for attention
choose a particular frequency and ignore all others
Early stage – Early Selection Model defining property
Defining property: based on your sensory information
Late stage – Late Selection Model defining property
Defining property: based on memory
Define: mode
a particular type of form
Multimode model of attention
Memory selection model of attention
google lol
Define: perception
process of becoming aware of information obtained through the senses AND organizing (interpreting) that information.
Define: pattern
something that has regular form
Define: recognize
identify something as having encountered them before
FOUR THEORIES OF PATTERN RECOGNITION
- Template Matching
- Feature Detection
- Recognition by components
- Feature Integration
Define: template
an outline or layout of something; it has a specific format
Limitations of template match theory for pattern recognition
- Template matching theory requires a match between a template and a stimulus for the stimulus to be recognized
- To recognize all possible variations of a stimulus requires an infinite amount of templates for the same stimulus
Define: feature
important for feature detection model
a part of an object that makes a significant contribution to its overall appearance and form
Define: Pandemonium model
Example of a feature detection model; attempts to explain how the human mind work; processing units are called demons
- Image demon
- Feature demon
- Cognitive demon
- Decision demon
Define: data
characteristics or information, that are collected through observation
Limitation of feature detection theories?
- does not take into account context in which stimulus appears
- Can explain data-driven processing but cannot explain conceptually driven processing
Define: data driven process
processing of a stimulus based on its features
Define: conceptually driven process
abstract, top down processing; only apply to pattern recognition
Define:
Geons: Objects with a “basic volumetric shape”
Define: recognition by components
is a top-down process proposed that explains object recognition. According to RBC theory, we are able to recognize objects by separating them into geons
Limitation of recognition by components
Not easy to explain how three-dimensional images with great detail can be identified Look at your face in the mirror or your hands, – can you identify geons?
