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Medical Terminology > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Any of the large phagocyte cells of the reticuloendothelial system (White blood cells)

A

Macrophage

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2
Q

“Cell-Eating” endocytosis forming a phagosome or food vacuole

A

Phagocytosis

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3
Q

Made out of proteins called tubulins

A

microtubules

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4
Q

Not stained strongly or definitely by either acid or basic dyes but stained readily by neutral dyes

A

Neutrophil

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5
Q

White blood cell stained easily by acid dye

A

Eosinophil

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6
Q

Responsible for movement of white blood cells

A

Pseudopod

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7
Q

White blood cell that stains readily by basic (alkalyne) dye

A

Basophil

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8
Q

Biggest reservoir in spleen, phagocytic WBC having a single well-defined nucleus and very fine granulation in the cytoplasm

A

Monocyte

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9
Q

A smart cell, colorless cell found in the blood, lymph and lymphoid tissues involved in antibody production

A

Lymphocyte

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10
Q

Known as party animals, cell or fragments circulating in blood involved in cellular mechanisms of primary homeostasis leading to formation of blood clots

A

Platelets or thrombocytes

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11
Q

A synonym for coglobulation

A

Haemostasis

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12
Q

Blockage of the pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by a blood clot

A

Pulmonary Embolism

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13
Q

Scarcity of a few or lack of

A

-penia

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14
Q

Infection of the blood or presence of bacteria in bloodstream

A

Septicemia

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15
Q

Too many immature WBC, cancer of the blood or bone marrow

A

Leukemia

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16
Q

moving in closer to midline of the body

A

Adduction

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17
Q

moving away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

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18
Q

Immature red blood cells small & pale in cells. Low iron or malnutrition.

A

Hypochronic Anemia

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19
Q

Beta Chain, Alpha Chain and B12, iron containing respiratory pigment in red blood cells of vertebrates consisting of about 6% heme and 94% globin

A

Hemoglobin

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20
Q

Takes Oxygen from hemoglobin. A single chain iron-containing protein found in muscle fibers structurally similar to a single subunit of hemoglobin and having a higher affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin of the blood

A

Myoglobin

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21
Q

Acronym for a heart attack

A

Myocardial Infarction MI

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22
Q

Blood supply to the heart interrupted

A

AMI - Acute Myocardial Infarction

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23
Q

A restriction of blood

A

Ischemia

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24
Q

A complex network of lymphoid organs

A

lymphatic system

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25
Q

Masses of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

A

Adenoids

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26
Q

Meaning around

A

Peri

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27
Q

Accumulation of lymphatic fluid that causes swelling in arms, legs and other parts of the body

A

lymphoedema

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28
Q

Caused by a parasite & infectious tropical disease, swelling of interstitial fluid of lymphs

A

lymphatic Filariasis

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29
Q

Formerly known as dropsy or hydropsy, swelling of any organ or tissue due to accumulation of excess lymph fluid, can also be on just one side

A

Edema

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30
Q

Metabolic; affecting everything in your body

A

Systemic

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31
Q

Surrounds the cells of multicellular animals or beings

A

Interstitial/intercellular/tissue fluid

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32
Q

Lower than normal level of lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytopenia

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33
Q

Increase in number of lymphocytes in blood

A

Lymphocytosis

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34
Q

Abnormally low number of neutrophil granulocytes (no color)

A

Neutropenia

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35
Q

Capture antigens and peptides using special receptors. Process and display the peptides so immune cells can respond/attack.

A

Dendritic cell

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36
Q

Decrease in number of circulating white blood cells

A

Leukopenia

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37
Q

Increase in number of circulating white blood cells

A

Leukocytosis

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38
Q

Tumor of the lymphnode; grows in bones; also known as Burkitt’s

A

Lymphoma

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39
Q

Inflammation of the lymphatic channels. Infection occurs at distal site

A

Lymphangitis

40
Q

Hormone produced by the Kidney when there is a drop of Oxygen in the blood

A

Erythropoietin

41
Q

Anemia caused by bone marrow disease

A

Aplastic Anemia

42
Q

Low Level of Oxygen in the blood

A

Hypoxia

43
Q

T/F Humans carry 22 pairs of chromosomes in total

A

False, 23

44
Q

An allele that causes a phenotype (visible characteristic) only seen in homozygous genotype is also known as ____________ gene

A

Recessive

45
Q

T/F A Genotype is solely responsible for the phenotype

A

False

46
Q

Osis means

A

a formation of

47
Q

Itis means

A

Infection/inflammation

48
Q

cele means

A

hernia

49
Q

eal, iac, and ose all mean

A

pertaining to

50
Q

meta means

A

change

51
Q

oma means

A

tumor

52
Q

The organ system that moves substances to and from cells

A

Cardiovascular system

53
Q

In Heartbeat & Heart sounds, Diastole occurs when the _______ __________

A

Ventricles relax

54
Q

In Heartbeat & Heart sounds, Systole occurs when the _______ __________

A

Ventricles contract

55
Q

T/F Arteries do not have valves

A

True, veins have valves not arteries

56
Q

The rapid, irregular and unsynchronized contraction of the muscle fibers

A

Fibrillation

57
Q

Inflammation or infection of the muscles

A

Myositis

58
Q

A neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating weakness and fatiguability

A

Myastenia gravis

59
Q

A group of muscles that is supplied by a nerve of the spine. Any cells in early embryos that give rise to all muscles in the body.

A

Myotome

60
Q

muscles and joint pain

A

Arthromyalgia

61
Q

The shrinking size of some structure or organ of the body, usually caused by injury, disease or lack of use

A

Atrophy

62
Q

The under developing in size of some structure or organ of the body, usually caused by disease or lack of use or hormonal deficiency. Diff from Achondroplasia bc limbs are the same size as the rest of the body.

A

Hypotrophy

63
Q

The over developing in size of some structure or organ of the body, usually caused by excess of use or hormonal stimulation

A

Hypertrophy

64
Q

Inflammation of the heart sac

A

Pericarditis

65
Q

This usually hurts when you hit your shins

A

Periostium

66
Q

Anything inducing vomit

A

Hematic

67
Q

Vomiting with blood

A

Hematemisis

68
Q

A rumbling noise produced by the movement of gas thru the intestines

A

Borborygmus

69
Q

Passage of stools containing blood

A

Hematochezia

70
Q

CBC means

A

Complete Blood Count

71
Q

The breaking down of a cell or bacteria

A

Lysis

72
Q

The branch of medicine that is concerned with the lung function and disease

A

Pneumology

73
Q

Within and behind the nose (related to the sense of smell).

A

Olfactory

74
Q

A sack or cavity in any organ or tissue, or an abnormal cavity or passage caused by the destruction of tissue.

A

Sinuses

75
Q

Air-filled spaces, communicating with the nasal cavity, within the bones of the skull and face.

A

Paranasal sinuses

76
Q

The paranasal sinuses are joined to the nasal cavity via small orifices.

A

Ostia

77
Q

The section of the alimentary canal that extends from the mouth and nasal cavities to the larynx, where it becomes continuous with the esophagus.

A

Pharynx

78
Q

Voice box

A

Larynx

79
Q

The thin elastic cartilaginous structure located at the root of the tongue that folds over the glottis to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea during the act of swallowing.

A

Epiglottis

80
Q

A thin-walled, cartilaginous tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs. Also called windpipe.

A

Trachea

81
Q

The two main branches of the trachea, leading directly to the lung.

A

Bronchi

82
Q

The fine, thin-walled, tubular extensions of a bronchus.

A

Bronchioles

83
Q

A tiny, thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Also called air sac.

A

Alveoli

84
Q

The region in mammals between the pleural sacs, containing the heart and all of the thoracic viscera except the lungs.

A

Mediastinum

85
Q

A muscular membranous partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities and functioning in respiration.

A

Diaphragm

86
Q

A thin serous membrane in mammals that envelops each lungs and folds back to make a lining for the chest cavity.

A

Pleura

87
Q

The area through which ducts, nerves, or blood vessels enter and leave a gland or organ

A

Hilum

88
Q

Surgical removal of the adenoids.

A

Adenoidectomy

89
Q

The tissue of the lungs performing its function; alveoli and the small bronchioles.

A

Pulmonary Parenchyma

90
Q

A chronic reversible respiratory disease that is characterized by sudden recurring attacks of labored breathing, chest constriction, coughing. Triggered by cold, allergies, pollution, emotional factors, and other unidentified factors.

A

Asthma

91
Q

Defined clinically as persistent cough that produces sputum matter that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, for at least three months in two consecutive years.

A

Chronic bronchitis

92
Q

A pathological condition of the lungs marked by an abnormal increase in the size of the air space, resulting in labored breathing and an increased susceptibility to infection. It can be caused by irreversible expansion of the alveoli or by the destruction of alveolar wall.

A

Emphysema

93
Q

a collection of air or gas in the space surrounding the lung.

A

Pneumothorax

94
Q

Cessation of breathing

A

Apnea

95
Q

Difficulty in breathing

A

Dyspnea

Medical Terminology (2 decks)

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