Week 4-6 Flashcards
Definition of health promotion
Health promotion consists of a range of strategy and activities that are designed to facilitate health and wellbeing and to prevent illness.
Protective factors against mental illness in children
• Family harmony • Positive school environment • School achievement • a sense of self worth • self-efficacy • coping skills • social skills • having a personal confidante • belonging to a positive peer group • leading an active lifestyle
Risk factors for mental illness in children
• family discord and violence • low family income • parental unemployment • parental substance misuse and mental health problems • coercive parenting style • poor monitoring and supervision at home and school • inconsistent behaviour management • poor peer relations and school alienation
Three levels of health promotion intervention
- Downstream (individual) • Midstream (community)
* Upstream (population)
Primary prevention
Aims to foster wellbeing and prevent the occurrence of illness - it includes both midstream and upstream strategies. Eg. vaccination programs, legislation to protect members of the society such as anti-discrimination laws, public housing.
Secondary prevention
Refers to interventions that are, in the main, delivered downstream when symptoms, injury or illness are identified and treated as early as possible to restore health. For example visiting an ED when injured or visiting a GP when symptoms are present.
Tertiary prevention
Tertiary is also a downstream approach and is implemented when the disease cannot be cured or the illness process is prolonged. It aims to assist individuals to cope with a change in their health status, to limit disability from the health issue and to promote health and quality of life.
Recovery is also a goal of tertiary prevention. It refers to living well with a chronic illness or disability.
Operant conditioning
Reinforcers (rewards) contribute to the probability of a response being either repeated or extinguished.
Observational learning theory
Bandura proposed that human behaviour results from interaction between the environment and the person’s thinking and perceptions. He asserted that humans learn from observing not only by doing. The learner observes the other person being rewarded and learns vicariously through this.
this learning is important for children’s learning because it is easier to influence a behaviour while it is being acquired rather than changing an establish behaviour.
Behaviour change programs
Aim to change behaviour, not attitudes, beliefs, motivation, personality or other unobserved characteristics of individuals.
Four tenets of behavioural change programs
- Behaviour can be explained by the principles of learning and conditioning
- The same laws of learning apply to all behaviour, both normal and abnormal
- Abnormal behaviour is the normal, lawful response to abnormal learning conditions
- Behaviour can be ‘unlearned’ and changed.
Cognitive theories
propose that people actively interpret their environment and cognitively construct their world. Therefore behaviour is a result of two factors:
• internal events; the individuals thoughts and perceptions about the world and their behaviour in the world
• external events; which are the stimuli and reinforcements that regulate behaviour.
(Cognitive theories)
The Health Belief Model
This model predicts the seeking of treatment or the changing of health behaviours on two factors:
• the individual’s perception of threat to him/her health, including susceptibility and severity
• the degree to which the individual believes that a particular health action or behaviour will influence the health outcome and be effective. This includes an assessment of the perceived benefits and barriers to carrying out the new behaviour.
