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Correl Flashcards > Week 4-5 > Flashcards

Week 4-5 Flashcards

1
Q

completely or partly molten rock, which on cooling solidifies to form an igneous rock composed of silicate minerals

A

Magma

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2
Q

It is the liquid component of magma composed of mobile ions of the common elements in the Earth’s crust

A

Melt

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3
Q

Gaseous components of magma

A

Volatiles

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4
Q

A process where cooling reverses the ecent of melting and ions pack more closely as temperature and rate of movement slows

A

Crystallization

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5
Q

The basic building block of silicate minerals

A

Silica Tetrahedron

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6
Q

Most abundant elements of igneous rocks

A

Silicon, Oxygen

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7
Q

Most abundant mineral group

A

Feldspars

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8
Q

Rocks between granitic and basaltic compostions are said to be

A

intermediate or andesitic

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9
Q

describe the overall appearance of rock based on size, shape, and arrangement of mineral grains

A

Texture

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10
Q

Rocks that consist of unordered ions that are frozen randomly in place are referred to as

A

glass

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11
Q

The various igneous textures result mainly from_________ whereas the minerology of an igneous rock is the consequence of _________

A

different cooling histories; the chemical makeup of its parent magma.

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12
Q

Large crystals in a porphrytic texture is called ______

A

Phenocrysts

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13
Q

The three components of magma

A

Liquid Component (Melt)
Solid Component
Gaseous Phase (Volatiles)

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14
Q

Common volatiles in magma

A

Water Vapor
Carbon Dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide

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15
Q

Common dark silicate minerals in the crust

A

Olivine, pyroxene, amphibple, biotite mica

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16
Q

Common light silicates

A

quartz, muscovite mica, feldspars

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17
Q

Factors that influence igneous texture

A

> cooling rate
silica content
amound of dissolved gases

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18
Q

Define polymerization

A

Union of two or more molecules of given structure to form a new compound with the same elemental proportions but with different properties and a higher molecular weight.

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19
Q

What are pegmatites

A

rocks composed of interlocking crystals all larger than a centimeter in diameter

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20
Q

What is pele’s hair

A

strands of volcanic glass from lava fountains

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21
Q

A pyroclastic rock can be classified a volcanic breccia if

A

pyroclastic fragments are greater than 2 mm

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22
Q

Define geothermal gradient

A

The increase in temperature as one goes down beneath the earth

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23
Q

Mineral assemblage of diorite

A

Sodic Plagiocalse, amphiboles, biotite

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24
Q

Ways for magma to generate

A

> increase of temp
decrease in pressure in constant heat
introduction of volatiles

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25
Q

Minerals under the discontinous series

A

olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite, K-Feldspar, muscovite, quartz

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26
Q

Define Magmatic differentiation

A

Formation of one or more seconadary magmas from a single parent magma

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27
Q

Define magmatic assimilation

A

Incorporation of host rock by migrating magma

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28
Q

Assiilation v Magma mixing

A

> Assimilation involves disologing blocks of foreign host rock, melting it and then mixes with the intruding melt
Mixing of two chemically different magmas; younger buoyant magma overtakes and mix with the older existing magma.

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29
Q

If intrusive rocks form underground, why can geologists aquire such samples.

A

Observable intrusive rocks are observed at surfaces where uplifting and erosions stripped away overlying rocks

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30
Q

How does pegmatites form

A

> Form late in magma crystallization
unsually high percentage of volatiles in melt, encouraging enhanced ion migration
abnormally large crystals form

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31
Q

Granite has a variety of colors such as red and light gray. Why?

A

> reddish : k-felds dominant and dark pink
light gray: white to gray feldspars mized with small amounts of dark silicates

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32
Q

In a field, how would you distinguish grayish granite from diorite

A

> granite would have an absence of visible qtz in contrast to diorite

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33
Q

Explain decompression melting

A

> confining pressure increases rock melting temp
occurs in areas of mantle upwelling; lower pressure zones; divergent plate boundaries
removal of pressure lowers melting temp
decompression melting happeneds when confining pressure drops

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34
Q

How does volatiles induce melting?

A

> by causing rock to melt at lower temperatures; can be magnified by increased pressure

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35
Q

How is magma generated at subduction settings

A

> water is brought to the mantle via subducting lithosphere slabs
fluids migrate at the overlying mantle
addition of volatiels reduve melting temps of peridoite; generating melt
magma rises towards surface
in continental settings: ponding beneath crustal rocks; evolution from mafic to felsic magma

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36
Q

Explain and Illustrate Bowens Reaction Series

A

> an idealized sequence of mineral crystalization starting from basaltic magma under certain temperature regimes

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37
Q

The minerals biotite, sodic plagioclase, and amphibole belongs to the same temperature regime in the bowens rxn series. What does this imply?

A

> these minerals are found together in the same igneous rock particularly andesites or diorite

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38
Q

How is crystal settling relevant to magmatic differentiation?

A

> ferromagnesian minerals are dense and sinks below magma chamber
the resulting settling of minerals causes a difference in composition (mafic lower, felsic upper)

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39
Q

A melt produced via partial melting would be ____ compared to its parent magma. Why is that?

A

> richer in silica
partial melting causes felsic minerals to melt first while the mafic mineral stays in its solid form; mainly due to the difference in melting temperatures
the difference causes melt to be enriched in silica

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40
Q

Largest mineral group and most abundant in the crust

A

Silicates

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41
Q

Mineral with metal + oxygen combination

A

Oxides

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42
Q

The minerals iron chromiaum oxide, titanium dioxide, and hydrogen dioxide are known as

A

chromite , rutile, ice

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43
Q

minerals are are characterized with metallic luster, high density, and low hardness

A

a. Sulfides

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44
Q

These group of minerals are commonly found in evaporitic settings

A

Halides, Sulfates, Carbonates

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45
Q

The mineral the comprises the teeth and bones of living organisms

A

Apatite

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46
Q

O:Si of Cyclosilicates

A

[3:1]

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47
Q

O:Si of Nesosilicates

A

[4:1]

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48
Q

O:Si of Phyllosilicates

A

[2.5:1]

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49
Q

Most important parameters for mineral classification

A

> chemical composition
internal crystal structure

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50
Q

Classificaitons based on the Nickel-Strunz

A

Native Elements
Sulfides
Halides
Oxides
Nitrates
Carbonates
Borates
Sulfates
Phophates
Silicates
Organic compounds

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51
Q

Three types of closed rings found in cyclosilicates

A

> 3 tetrahedrons sharing an oxygen
6 tetrahedrons sharing an oxygen
4 tetrahedrons sharing an oxygen

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52
Q

Describe Inosilicates

A

> two oxygens atoms from each tetrahedrons bond to form open chains

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53
Q

Examples of tectosilicates

A

feldspars, quartz ,feldspathoids, zeolite group

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54
Q

essential mineral v accessory mineral

A

Essential: minerals forming the essential components of a rock
Accessory: minerals present in trivial amounds

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55
Q

Enumerate pyralspite

A

Pyrope, Almadine, Spessartine

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56
Q

Enumerate ugrandites

A

Uvarovite, grossularite, andradite

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57
Q

What is the Goldschmist Classification of elements

A

geochemical classification of elements groups the chemical elements according to their preferred host phases within the Earth

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58
Q

Types of chemical bonds

A

Ionic, Covalent, Metallic, Van der waals, Hydrogen

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59
Q

Minerals under K-feldspar series

A

Orthoclase, Microline, Sanidine

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60
Q

Minerals under plagioclase series

A

Albite, Bywotonite, Labradorite, Andesine, Oligoclase, Anorthoclase

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61
Q

How would you differentiate amphiboles from pyroxenes under PPL

A

Cleavage:
Px : 90 degrees
Amphi: 60 and 120 degrees

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62
Q

Can magmas be dominated by compositions other than silica (SiO2)

A

Yes. An example would be carbonatites which is rich in carbonate components.

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63
Q

How are trace elements dominant if they consitiute a small fraction of the magma compositions

A

They provide clues to the origin of igneous rocks.

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64
Q

Why is it that a magma with rich felsic composition is not expected to crystallize minerals such as olivines and pyroxenes.

A

> rich in silica, qtz, k-felds, sodic plag, are expected crystllizations
felsic magma depleted of Mg and FeO

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65
Q

How does SiO2 content relate to silicate structure and mineral strength

A

> more SiO2 = greater polymerization = greater mineral strength

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66
Q

Why does rising mantle plume pools at the moho discontinuity before rising further through the lithosphere

A

> rising mantle plume loses its density as when it reaches the moho
crystallization and differentiation of melt would increase its buoyancy and rise through lithosphere

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67
Q

Relate undercooling to the degree of crystalinity

A

> undercooling refers to magma cooling faster than it can crystallize
large undercooling results in high nucleation, low crystalinity
small undercooling results in lowe nucleation, high crystalinity

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68
Q

A thin section sample is found to be fine grained dominated by microlaths of plagioclases and volcanic glass. Phenocrysts of olivines, plagioclases, and pyroxenes generally have a feathery/skeletal texture and shows zoning. What would be its implications regarding its formation and its rock id.

A

> Mineral assemblage is characteristic to a mafic igneous rock
Dominance of volcanic glass and plag microliths indicate a aphanitic texure
Skeletal/feathery textures and zoning indicates rapid cooling rates
Rock may be Basalt

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69
Q

An outcrop far inland features pillow basalts overlain by intercalated limestones and sandstones. What would be its implication regarding its past environment.

A

> Sandstones usually form in terrestrial environment
Limestones form in shallow marine waters
Pillow basalts form when mafic magma extrudes and comes in contact with water
marine environment, mutiple episodes of transgression and regression

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70
Q

triple junction

A

a point at which three plates meet,

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71
Q

this triple juction is always stable

A

ridge-ridge-ridge

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72
Q

the approximation of the earth’s magnetic field

A

dipole field

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73
Q

difference between the Earth’s magnetic field and the best dipole field

A

non-dipole field

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74
Q

Inclination of the earth’s magnetic axis to the geographic axis

A

11.5 degrees

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75
Q

location of geomagnetic north

A

79 deg N, 71 deg W

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76
Q

the line along which the magnetic field is horizontal and has no vertical component

A

magnetic equator

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77
Q

constant stream of ionized particles emitted by the Sun

A

solar wind

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78
Q

produced where the solar wind is slowed by interaction with the Earth’s magnetic field.

A

bow shock

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79
Q

Two triple juctions that are always unstable

A

fault–fault–fault and fault–ridge–ridge junctions

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80
Q

What is space weather

A

active processes and interactions which take place between the magnetosphere and the solar wind

81
Q

Define magnetosphere

A

region of space surrounding Earth where the dominant magnetic field is the magnetic field of Earth, rather than the magnetic field of interplanetary space

82
Q

Define magnetosheath

A

region of space between the magnetopause and the bow shock of a planet’s magnetosphere

83
Q

Define magnetopause

A

the boundary between the planet’s magnetic field and the solar wind.

84
Q

What are the van allen radiation belts

A

zones of charged particles trappe by the Earth’s magnetic field

85
Q

Define the Curie point

A

temperature at which certain magnetic materials undergo a sharp change in their magnetic properties

86
Q

A rock below blocking temperature means that

A

the magnetized grains of a cooling rock cannot be reoriented

87
Q

Define thermoremanent magnetization

A

The alignment of a cooling igneous rock’s magnetic moment to the direction of the earth’s magnetic field.

88
Q

depositional or detrital remanent magnetization (DRM) vs chemical remanent magnetization (CRM)

A

DRM: Alignment of small grained detritus deposited in still water
CRM: acquired in situ after deposition during the chemical growth of iron oxide grains, as in a sandstone

89
Q

Curie temperatures for Iron, Magnetite and Hematite

A

770◦C, 580◦C, 680◦C

90
Q

What is Induced Magnetization

A

Magnetization of a rock induced by the earth’s magnetic field

91
Q

What makes a triple juction stable

A

> plate motion and the position of boundaries does not cause the change of configuration over time

92
Q

How are the Northern and Southern lights made

A

> changes in solar wind causes charged paticles in the van allen belts to enter the upper atmosphere
particles lose enery, electrons drop back to lower energy state, and releases light

93
Q

What causes magnetic storms

A

Major sunspot activity causes changes in the solar wind, which in turn result in short-term fluctuations in the magnetic field

94
Q

How can sedimentary rocks acquire remanent magnetization

A

by either DRM where grains aligns in still water as they deposit or CRM where developing iron oxides orients after rock formation.

95
Q

Explain the Vine-Matthews Hypothesis

A

> strips of seafloor parallel to MORs are magnetized in opposite directions due to the magnetic reversals of the earth

96
Q

How did geophysicists were able to track plate movement via paleolatitudes

A

> Rocks record the magnetic latitude on where it was formed
If that certrain rock moved it would have a different latitude from where it presently is

97
Q

Basalt flow at 47◦N, 20◦E.
Angle of inclination = 30◦
Calculate the magnetic latitude of this site at the time the basalt was magnetized

A

tan I = 2 tan λ
tan 30 = 2 tanλ
λ = 16.1

98
Q

Why is the study of triple junctions important

A

> provide valuable information about the geological evolution of regions over time

99
Q

Earth’s Age

A

4.6 bya

100
Q

upward swelling of soil due to the formation of ice during freezing conditions.

A

frost heave

101
Q

great reduction in pressure that occurs
when the overlying rock is eroded away

A

unloading

102
Q

curved or domed structures that form when layers of material are peeled off or separated in a non-uniform manner.

A

exfolation domes

103
Q

the kind of fracture that is produced by contraction during the cooling of igneous materials, and tectonic forces during mountain building, often forming a definite pattern

A

joints

104
Q

In chemical weathering, what do plant roots, fungi, and lichens produce that promotes decomposition?

A

Acids

105
Q

What is the most important agent of chemical weathering?

A

Water

106
Q

Most abundant products of feldspars

A

Clay minerals

107
Q

A common boundary where different systems interact

A

interface

108
Q

refers to the proportions of different particle sizes of soils

A

Soil texture

109
Q

a layer of rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering

A

Regolith

110
Q

Soil usually forms as clumps refered to as

A

Peds

111
Q

Examples of external processes

A

Weathering, Mass Wasting, Erosion

112
Q

Examples of internal processes

A

Orogenic and Volcanic Activity

113
Q

Weathering?

A

physical breakdown (disintegration) and chemical alteration (decomposition) of rocks at or near Earth’s surface

114
Q

Mass Wasting?

A

the transfer of rock and soil downslope under the influence of gravity

115
Q

Erosion?

A

The physical removal of material by mobile agents such as water, wind, or ice

116
Q

Mechanical Weathering?

A

accomplished by physical forces that break rock into smaller and smaller pieces without changing the rock’s mineral composition

117
Q

Chemical Weathering?

A

involves a chemical transformation of rock into one or more new compounds.

118
Q

Important processes that fragments rock

A

Frost wedging, salt crystal growth, sheeting, biologic activity

119
Q

End points of the soil texture diagram

A

Sand, Silt, Clay

120
Q

Differential Weathering?

A

The weathering of landforms in different rates due to composition, structure and resistance to weathering

121
Q

Four basic soil structure (peds)

A

platy, prismatic, blocky, spheroidal

122
Q

Residual soils v Transported soils

A

Residual : parent material is bedrock
Transported: parent material is loose sediment

123
Q

What would be the general relationship of time to soil formation

A

> the longer a soil forms, the less it resembles the parent material

124
Q

What would be the optimum terrain for soil development? Its opposite?

A

> flat to undulating upland surface
steep slopes

125
Q

The basic controls of soil formation

A

> Parent material, time, climate, Plants and animals, topogrphy

126
Q

The five horizons that forms the soil profile

A

O, A, E, B, C,

127
Q

Why are weathering, mass wasting, erosion are considered as external processes

A

> occur at or near Earth’s surface and are powered by energy from the Sun.

128
Q

Frost wedging process

A

> water can expand 9% when freezing
freezing water enters cracks
expands and enlarges cracks

129
Q

Salt crystal growth process

A

> sea spray from breaking waves or salty groundwater penetrates rock crevices and pore spaces
water exaporateds and salt crystrals form
crystal growth pushes rock, weakening it

130
Q

Sheeting process

A

> process generating onion like layers when large igneous rocks are exposed to weathering;

131
Q

How do plant roots contribute to weathering by growing into fractures?

A

They wedge the rock apart

132
Q

What is the role of burrowing animals in weathering

A

They break down rock by moving fresh material to the surface

133
Q

What does chemical weathering involve in terms of altering minerals

A

Removing and/or adding elements to alter internal structures

134
Q

What is the result of the transformation in chemical weathering?

A

Original rock decomposes into substances stable in the surface environment

135
Q

The chemical equation for limestone dissolution

A

CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O –> Ca(HCO3)2

136
Q

The vegetation at Mount Hamiguitan is a dwarf forest composed of miniature trees. What does it imply for soil composition and parent rock.

A

> the soil is composed of ferromagnesian minerals
parent rock is likely mafic in composition

137
Q

How does the chemical weathering of granite lead to chert nodules

A

> silica dissolved by water
silica enriched water is transported and eventually precipitates in pore spaces of sediment grains

138
Q

Why is quartz resistant to chemical weathering`

A

> Hardness of quartz in Mohs Scale (7)
Qtz is inert and chemically stable
Framework strcurture provides stability

139
Q

Cassiterite chemical composition

A

SnO2

140
Q

chalcocite chemical composition

A

Cu2S

141
Q

chalcopyrite chemical composition

A

CuFeS2

142
Q

cinnabar chemical composition

A

HgS

143
Q

chromite chemical composition

A

FeCr2O4

144
Q

% An of Bywotonite

A

70-90

145
Q

% An of Anorthite

A

90-100

146
Q

Calcic endmember of plagioclase

A

Anorthite

147
Q

Sodic endmember of plagioclase

A

Albite

148
Q

Cobalt Ores and chemical composition

A

Cobaltite, CoAsS
Linnacite, Co3S4
Smaltite, CoAS2
Erythrite, Co3As208-8H20

149
Q

Iron Ores and chemical composition

A

Hematite, Fe2O3
Magnetite, Fe3O4
Goethite, FeO(OH)
Limonite, FeO(OH)-nH2O
Siderite, FeCO3

150
Q

Shield Volcano characteristics

A

> gentle upper slopes ans steeper lower slopes
formed by low viscosity lava flows
non explosive eruptions
has a central vent

151
Q

Stratovolcano characteristics

A

> steeper slopes (6-10 deg on flanks; 30 deg near top)
interlayering of lava flows and pyroclastic material
andesitic to rhyolitic in composition

152
Q

Tephra Cones characteristics

A

> Small volume cones formed from tephra produced by strombolian eruptions
Basaltic to Andesitic
Cone slopes are controlled by angle of repose (25-35 deg)
Layered strucuture due to varying intensities of past explosions ans subsequent deposits

153
Q

Maars characteristic

A

> Created from phreatic or phreatomagmatic eruptions,
Water is blasted by heated steam which forms a tephra cone with gentle slopes, resulting crater fills with water to form a lake

154
Q

Lava Domes characteristics

A

> extrusion of highly viscous and gas poor andesitic-rhyolitic magma
lava piles up over the vent due to high viscosity
brecciated flanks

155
Q

Crater v Caldera

A

> Craters: Circular depressions less than 1km, formed from explosions
Calderas: larger depressions, circular to elliptical, diameters ranging 1-50 km, formed from structural collapse

156
Q

Mofette vs Solfatara

A

Moffette: fumarole that emits CO2
Solfatara: fumarole that emits sulfurous gases

157
Q

Hotspring vs Geysers

A

Hotspring: areas where hot water surfaces
Geysers: a hotspring with a plumbing system that allows the accumulation of steam

158
Q

Lava Dome vs Resurgent Dome

A

Lava domes: extrusion of viscous magma, piles up to form a dome
Resurgent dome: Resurging domes when magma is reinjected to existing calderas

159
Q

Stoping vs Shouldering

A

Stoping: Host rock breaks into pieces and settles into the intruding magma
Shouldering: The explotation of mamga between layers of host rock, creating fractures

160
Q

Explain the Phase Rule

A

> dictates the number of phases that can coexist in any system
P=C+2-F
P = number of phases
C = min number of chemical components
F = degrees of freedom or variance

161
Q

Explain the Lever Rule

A

> used to locate positions on a phase diagram

162
Q

SiO2 Polymorphs and respective crystal structure

A

Alpha Qtz - hexagonal
Beta Qtz - hexagonal
Tridymite - Monoclinic
Cristobalite - Cubic
Coesite - Monoclinic
Stishovite - Tetragonal

163
Q

Exaplin the Three common types of equilibria

A

Invariant: neither P or T cant change
Univariant: P or T can be changed independently
Divariant: P and T are free to change without changing the stability of the system

164
Q

How does basaltic magma form

A

-1000 - 1250 deg C
-partial melting of peridotite into basaltic magma
-triggered by a reduction in confining pressure (adiabatic melting)
-in subduction zones; water from descending slab promotes partial melting

165
Q

How does andesitic magma form

A
  • basaltic magma undegoes magmatic differentiation as it rises
  • rising basaltic magma assimilate silica rich crustal rock
166
Q

The mechanisms that leads to the development of Lopoliths

A

-meteorite impact and associated crustal melting
-normal faulting ang crustal melting
-a sill like structure that receives upwelling magma from a conical feeder tube,

167
Q

How did volcanic necks form?

A
  • ancient conduit pipes that funneled magma upward to a volcano that has long since been removed by erosion.
168
Q

Why is columnar joinitng in basalts possible

A
  • contraction of lava as it cools
  • formation and development of cracks perpendicular so surface
  • slower cooling rate at bottom; fgaster at top
169
Q

The IRR of RA 9275

A

DAO 2005-10

170
Q

Provides the legal framework for the establishment and mangement of protected areas in the PH

A

RA 7586

171
Q

The section in the Constitution which states the protection and right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology

A

Section 16, Article 2

172
Q

What doctrine does the PH has in regulating mineral resources

A

Regalian Doctrine

173
Q

a global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances

A

Montreal protocol

174
Q

RA 8371 is also known as

A

Indigenous people act of 1997

175
Q

RA 7942 is also known as

A

Philippine Mining act of 1995

176
Q

RA 7076 is also known as

A

People’s Small-scale Mining Act of 1991

177
Q

What is the Revised Implementing Rules and Regulationg of RA 7942

A

DAO 2010-21

178
Q

Briefly explain the primary objective of the RA 9275

A

To protect the waterbodies of the PH and ensure acess to clean water for Filipinos

179
Q

Enumerate the Freshwater classifications under DAO 2016-08 and briefly explain

A

Class AA : unhinhabited watersheds and declared protected areas
Class A: suitable potable water
Class B: safe for recreational activities
Class C: aquaculture, irrigation and livestock watering
Class D: navigable waters

180
Q

Categories of Protected areas under NIPAS law

A

Strict Nature Reserve
Natural Park
Natural Monument
Wildlife Sanctuary
Protected Landscapes and Seascapes
Resource Reserve
Natural Biotic Areas

181
Q

What is the Regalian Doctrine in the contect of mineral resources

A

A doctrine that espouses that the state is the sole owner of the mineral resources found in its territory

182
Q

Ancestral Doman VS Ancestral Land

A

Ancestral Domain: all areas generally belonging go ICC/IPs communally or individually since time immemorial continually to the present
Ancestral Land: land occupied, possessed and utilized by ICC/IP individuals, family and clans since time immemorial

183
Q

What does FTAA stand for

A

Financial Technical Assistance Agreement

184
Q

What does MPSA stand for

A

Mineral Production Sharing Agreement

185
Q

Explain the concept of Free & Prior Informed Consent

A

consent obtained that is free from coercion, manipulation or intimidation
consent that is sought in advance of any activities/decision
individual/members had adequate and timely information about the proposed activity/decision

186
Q

Areas closed to mining applications

A

Protected areas under NIPAS law
Old Growth/Virgin Forests
Forest and other government reservations unless with clearance
Built up Areas
Ancestral Domains/Lands unless with FPIC from IPs/ICCs
Other areas espressly prohibited by law

187
Q

Kinds of Mineral Agreements

A

Mineral Production Sharing Agreement (MPSA); Co-Production Agreement (CA); and
Joint Venture Agreement (JVA)

188
Q

How would a Sand and Gravel Permit issued by DENR-MGB differ from one that is issued by the LGU

A

The hectare of the project area issused by the DENR-MGB would be 5-20 ha while LGU can only give permits for less than 5 ha

189
Q

What are the kinds of tenements issued by the DENR-MGB

A
  1. Exploration Permit (EP)
  2. Mineral Agreements
  3. Financial or Technical Assistance Agreements (FTAA)
  4. Mineral Processing Permits (MPP)
  5. Industrial Sand and Gravel Permits (>5 to 20 hectares)
  6. OTPs/MOEPs
190
Q

How does other agencies work with the main institutional mechanism in implementing the clean water act

A

DPWH: sewage + sanitation facilities
Coast Guard: enfore quality standards in marine envi
DA: agricultural wastewater management
DOH: formulate revise and enforce quality drinking water standards
DOST: pollution prevention and production tech

191
Q

How would the government encourage private sector participation in preserving the water resources

A

Section 21 of RA 9275 mandates LGUs to come up with incentives for proceedures/technologies that would will preserve and protect our water bodies

192
Q

How does the ENIPAS act improve upon the NIPAS act.

A

Newer Classifications for national parks (94 vs 13)
Inclusion of private lands as buffer zones
Adminstration and mangement by BMB rather tan PAWD
E-nipas includes land and water use plans while nipas only includes land use plan
All projects/activities whether or not included in the mngt plan must have EIA under the E-nipas
E-nipas would give more rights to ICC/IPs

193
Q

A landower is under scrutiny by a certain IP community due to conlifcting claims of a certain area. According to IPs it belonged to them since it is a part of ancestral land. However, the land was already titled prior to is declaration as an ancestral land. Which claimant would have the better claim and why.

A

The landowner since the area was already titled to him. Ancestral Domain/Land is only applicable to areas without a tite.

194
Q

A significant Cu-Au porphy is discovered on a certain area which promts Company A to make plans to mine the area in the forseeable future. However, portions of that area is wihtin an ancestral domain. How could the mining company legally conduct mining activities with these conditions in mind.

A

The mining company would at least pay a set amount of royalties to the owning IP/ICC
The said company needs to have free and prior informed consent from the IP/ICC along with other social corporate responsibilities in order for a mining permit to be issued.

195
Q

A certain Juan aspires to make a difference in the mining industry. To do that he/she must at least be a Qualified Person. What would qualify him/her as one?

A

-Filipino Citizen
-Legal age
-financially and technically capable

196
Q

What factors would make mining activities as responsible

A

development of the country’s mineral resources is based on technical feasibility, environmental sustainability, social acceptability, and financial viability.

197
Q

In what situations would a FTAA be more preferrable than a MPSA?

A

-100% owned by a foriegn corporation
-area not more than 81 000 ha onshore or 324 000 offshore
-large scale exploration exploration, development and utilization of mineral resources. Usually with techonologies beyond the capabilities of local companies, hence the bidding of foreign ones.

198
Q

Under the RA 10121, which agency would take the lead in a disaster and under which criteria

A

Barangay Affected: BDC
Multiple Brgy: CDRRMC/MDRRMC
Multiple Municipalities/Cities: PDRRMC
Multiple Provinces: Regional DRRMC
Multiple Regions: NDRRMC.

Correl Flashcards (6 decks)

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