Flashies 4 Finals - Sheet1 Flashcards
Formed when weathering, together with mass collapse (and in arid areas with wind erosion), creates a tunnel through a slab of rock
Rock arch (bridge) and window
a wind erorded depression in the side of a cliff of a homogenous rock type
alcoves and yardang window
low, triangular-shaped accumulation of sediments deposited at the mouth of a valley
Alluvial Fan
Submarine, circular, steep sided holes which occur in coral reefs
Blue Hole
a compound alluvial fan where neighboring alluvial fans converge into a single apron of deposits against a slope
Bajada
Shallow lakes found in bajadas
Playas
A steep-sided and flat-topped hill, built of flat lying soft rocks capped by a more resistant layer of sedimentary rockt lava flow or duricrust, surrounded by a plaim
Butte
A deeply incised, steep-sided river valley
Canyon
asymmetrical upland feature usually associated with gently dipping
rocks and comprising a steep scarp-slope (or escaqpment) and a
longer gentler dip slope
Cuesta
A depositional landform produced by sedimentation at and around the mouth a river river- tide- wave-dominated
Delta
A large area of sand dunes
Erg
a long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel that are frequently several km long ang are somewhat like railroad embankments
Eskers
A steep slope coinciding with the line of a fault
Fault Scarp
triangular-shaped remnants of the bedbetween V-shaped notches; steeply sloping wedge-shaped landscape features created by differential erosion
Flatirons
German ‘sea of rock’; areas covered by large angular blocks (formed in situ), traditionally believed to have been created by freeze-thaw action
Felsenmeer/Blockfield
Major splits into limestone pavement, formed by widening, deepening; and eventualnergingcofsolution features flat level” long linear weakness in the rock
Grike (Bogaz)
small closed depressions on horizontal and gently inclined rock surfces; similar to solution pits in carbonate rocks;
Gnamma
A mountaintop that has been modified by the action of ice during glaciation and frost weathering; also pyramidal peak
Glacial Horn
A tall, thin spire of soft (sedimentary) rock topped by harder, more resistant stone that protects each column from erosion
Hoodoo
Large, perennial, conical, ice-cored moutains that are common in
areas dominated by fine- grained sediments, with the ice forming from iniected water
Hydrolaccoliths
large, freestanding, residual masses of rock
Inselberg (tor/Monadnock)
A narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water that otherwise separates them
Isthmus
Groups of residual, steep-sided hills Rproduced by limestone solution
Kegelkarst (cone karst or cockpit karst)
An umbrella term which covers an elaborately diverse groups od small scale solutional features and sculpturing found on limestone and dolomite surfacesexposed at the ground surface or in caves
Karren
Permafrost mounds formed by ice segregation within mineral soils that occur within the zone of discontinuous permafrost
Lithalsas (Stone rings)
An embankment, natural or man- made, that confines flow during high—water periods
Levee
Occurs when a meandering river on alluvium eats downinto the underlying bedrock
Incised Meander
A prominent limestone hill in an area of tower karst
Mogote
An elongated cliff-base hollow cut out by abrasion, usually where breaking waves are armed with rock fragments
Abraison Notch
A point of land, usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends out into a body of water
Ness (headland/promontory/cape)
A horse-shoe shaped length of stream channel which is an almost closed meander loop
Oxbow
Forms just under a boulder, from whichn the rate of surface lowering may be evaluated
Pedestal
A large karst depression that may sometimes be flooded with water,
and which has been formed either by solution, or cavern collapse or for stuctural reasons
Polje
a sheet-like surface of rock fragrnents that remains wind
water have removed the be fine particles
Reg (Desert Pavement/Gibber/hamada)
A long, narrow, often branching inlet formed by marine submergence of parts of a river valley that have previously been-incised to a lower level
Ria
accumulation of broken rock fragments that typically have a concave upwards form
Scree/Talus
An isolated upstanding steep-sided rock pillar, column or pinnacle rising from the shore, a shore platform, or the sea floor close to a cliffed coast
Stack or stump
Cavernous weathering hollows produced in vertical or near vertical rock faces
Tafoni
A variety of limestone formed when carbonate minerals precipitate out of ambient temperature water
Travertine/Tufa
A depression or large hollow in limestone areas produced when
several sinkholes or dolines coalesce
Uvala
created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano; a distinctive upstanding landform produced when erosion removes the surroounding rock while the erosion resistant plug remains
Volcanic Neck/pipe
Notch or abandoned former channel in resistant bedrock ridges that was formerlya water gap when there was insufficient stream power to complete the down cutting process
Wind Gap
A tributary stream that is prevented from joining the main river because of the levees which flank the latter
Yazoo
A streamlined hill carved from bedrock or any consolidated or semi-cpnsolidated material that resembless the hull of a boat
Yardang/Zeugen
Isolated rocks between joints that result from downward erosion of less resistant layers
Rock fins
