Week 4 Flashcards
What is another term for extension?
denotation
What is an extension?
the set of all objects that fit into the description of predicate - linking referring expressions to the world
What was the study conducted by Berlin and Kay?
the colour study - shows there are fuzzy boundaries and overlap of predicates
Who did work on the prototype theory?
E. Rosch
What does the prototype theory suggest?
categories are structured around the best exemplar
What are ‘fuzzy boundaries’?
fuzzy boundaries between categories - objects may not be clearly in or out
What is ‘graded structure’?
objects can be more or less like the prototype
How are Aristotelian categories defined?
by necessary and sufficient conditions [+/-]
What does Aristotle suggest?
categories are binary (either in or out - no fuzziness)
What did Wittgenstein’s study show?
it is problematic to have Aristotelian categories for defining sense - attempt to define ‘game’
What is family resemblance?
each item in a category has at least one, and probably several elements in common with one or more other items e.g. robins and storks both have wings, feathers etc
What is a stereotype?
a stereotype describes a prototype (an actual exemplar)
