Week 4

Question 1

How many individuals received medical treatment for burns?

Answer 1

450,000

Question 2

How many fire/burn/smoke inhalation death per year?

Answer 2

3,400

Question 3

How many hospitalizations due to burns?

Answer 3

40,000

Question 4

How many hospital burns gone to burn centers?

Answer 4

30,000

Question 5

What is the percentage of survival rate?

Answer 5

96.6%

Question 6

What is the percent of male to female burns?

Answer 6

69% males

31% females

Question 7

What is the ethnicity breakdown for burns?

Answer 7

59% caucasian
20% African-American
14% Hispanic
7% other

Question 8

What is the breakdown for burn cause?

Answer 8

43% fire/flame
34% scald
9% contact
4% electrical
3% chemical
7% other

Question 9

What is the breakdown for place occurence of burns?

Answer 9

72% Home
9% occupational
5% street/highway
5% recreation
9% other

Question 10

What is a burn?

Answer 10

When the skin comes in contact with something hot resulting in damage and death of skin cells

Question 11

What determines the depth of injury?

Answer 11

Intensity, heat, duration the skin is exposed

Exposure to certain chemicals

Question 12

What is BSA?

Answer 12

Body surface area-reference term used when describing the % of the body burnt

Question 13

What percents for children and adults results in required hospitalization for IV fluid resuscitation?

Answer 13

15% in adults

10% children

Question 14

What is the Rule of Nine’s for BSA estimation?

Answer 14

Head and Neck 9%
Each upper limb 9%
Each lower limb 18%
-anterior
-posterior
Torso 36%
-anterior 18%
-posterior 18%
Perineum 1%

Question 15

What are the four classifications of burns?

Answer 15

1st degree
2nd degree
3rd degree
4th degree

Question 16

What is a 1st degree burn?

Answer 16

Superficial involvment

Redness of skin without blisters

Question 17

How are 1st degree burns treated?

Answer 17

Analgesics and pain medications for comfort

Heal within a week

Question 18

What is a 2nd degree burn?

Answer 18

Partial thickness burns

Blisters

Question 19

What may occur due to 2nd degree burns?

Answer 19

Excision of damaged skin followed by grafting

Question 20

What is 2nd degree treatment?

Answer 20

Forearm should be splinted in functional position to prevent later stiffness
Raw surface should be cleaned with frequent dressing changes
Topical antibiotics preformed until wound heals

Question 21

How long does it take for 2nd degree wounds to heal?

Answer 21

2-3 weeks

Question 22

What are 3rd degree burns?

Answer 22

Full thickness burns

dead skin will need to be removed and replaced with skin grafts

Question 23

When is the best time to cast a patient with a 3rd degree burn?

Answer 23

During the bandage change

Question 24

What is the treatment for 3rd degree burns?

Answer 24

Surgeons remove dead skin and graft immediately
Orthotic treatment till wound heal and mobilization begins
Escharotomy

Question 25

When is escharotomy indicated?

Answer 25

When a burn is full and the circumference can constrict blood flow.
Large amount of swelling is present
Inelastic burned skin

Question 26

What is escharotomy?

Answer 26

Release rigid and inelastic burned skin to allow circulation and breathing

Question 27

What is 4th degree burn?

Answer 27

3rd degree burn with the added damage to deeper structures like the tendons, muscles, joints, and bones

Question 28

What are the two different scar formations?

Answer 28

Hypertrophic scar

Keloids

Question 29

What are hypertrophic scars?

Answer 29

Confined scars to the original borders or boundries, regress and flatten in time.

Question 30

What are keloid scars?

Answer 30

Rising scars that can spread

Question 31

How can you cleanse the wound?

Answer 31

Maintain temperature of the wound
Use warming cleansing solutions
Warm ambient temperature
Avoid lengthy dressing changes

Question 32

What is the ideal burn dressing?

Answer 32

Protect the wound from physical damage and micro-organism
Be comfortable, compliant and durable
Be non-toxic, non-adherent, and non-irritant
Allow gaseous exchange
Allow high humidity at the wound
Be compatible with topical therapeutic agents

Question 33

What are the differences between hypertrophic scars and keloids?

Answer 33

Hypertrophics scars are confined, any location, regress, flatten, appear within 1 month
Keloids extend beyond border; appear on sternum, arms, cheeks, earlobes; thick collagen; remain elevated 4mm; appear 3 month later; worsen with surgery.

Question 34

What are common issues with burn patients?

Answer 34

Scars to contractures
psychosocial aspects of resultant scarring
Scars become dry and crack (ulceration, skin breakdown)
Scars are sensitive to sun and chemicals
Itching

Question 35

What should be done to prevent contractures?

Answer 35

Stretching 5-6 times a day
Moisturize the area
Splints with larger area of coverage and special liners

Question 36

Why are burns itchy?

Answer 36

Burns damage and/or destroy the oil glands
Moisturizer should only be applied to healed scars
pressure garments can decrease itching.

Question 37

What are the aspects of custom pressure garments?

Answer 37

Worn 23 hours a day

May not improve scar, but can decrease itching and protect the skin from injury

Question 38

What are the aspects of Silicone gel sheets?

Answer 38

Assist with decreasing itching and moisturizing skin
can be worn alone, or under pressure garments, splints and/or orthoses
Check for skin sensitivities

Question 39

How much of a barrier should be provided between the fingers and the end of the brace/

Answer 39

1/4-1/2 inch barrier

Question 40

What orthosis can you use for an anterior burn of arm?

Answer 40

WHO with turn buckle design

Question 41

What other orthoses can you use for burns?

Answer 41

Total contact
Turn buckle
Soft pro comfy pro