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Upper Extremity Orthotics > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What patient population scenarios would benefit from upper extremity orthotic intervention?

A 
Stroke
MVA
TBI
Spinal cord injuries
Carpal tunnel
CP
Burns
Fractures
Congenital
Infections
Suicide
Arthritis
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2
Q

Where does our orthotic treatment planning and implementation develop from?

A

Physicians Notes

Biomechanics

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3
Q

What are the differences between Lower extremity Orthotic Treatment and Upper extremity Orthotic Treatment?

A

Lower extremity- weight bearing, gait, balance

Upper extremity- prehension, reach, transitional movements, carrying, object release, in-hand manipulation

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4
Q

How many carpal bones are in the wrist?

A

8

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5
Q

What is the order of decision making for a device and treatment?

A 
Biomechanics
Patient assessment
Fabrication
Device Delivery
Adjustments
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6
Q

What are the 8 carpal bones of the wrist?

A 
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
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7
Q

How many metacarpals are in each hand?

A

5

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8
Q

What are the names of the Metacarpal?

A

Metacarpal I-V starting lateral

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9
Q

How many phalanges are on each hand?

A

14

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10
Q

What is the longitudinal arch?

A

Extends from the distal phalange to the carpals.

Easiest view from the medial border of the hand.

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11
Q

What is the Distal Transverse arch?

A

Located at the Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint level

The 1st, 4th, and 5th metacarpals rotate around the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals to either flatten or increase its arc.

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12
Q

What is the proximal transverse arch?

A

Level of the carpometacarpal joint (CMC).

Remains arched even when the hand is open.

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13
Q

Which transverse arch is mobile?

A

Distal Transverse arch

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14
Q

Which transverse arch is stable?

A

Proximal transverse arch

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15
Q

Which metacarpals are more stable?

A

The second and third metacarpals

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16
Q

Which muscles are responsible for changing the shape of the hand for grasping objects?

A

Extrinsic muscles

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17
Q

Which muscles are responsible for maintaining the three arches of the hand?

A

Intrinsic muscles

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18
Q

Where are the pressure points on the hand?

A 
DIPs
PIPs
MCP
IP
CMC and Thenar Eminence
Carpal Relief
Ulnar Styloid
Radial Styloid
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19
Q

What are the creases of the hand?

A 
DIP crease
PIP crease
Palmar Digital crease
Distal Palmar crease
Proximal palmar crease
Thenar crease
Wrist crease
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20
Q

What do the creases of the hand and fingers have to do with anything?

A

Important for trimlines and how they relate to your orthosis.

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21
Q

Which joint goes between the carpal bones and the radius and ulna?

A

Radiocarpal joint

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22
Q

Which joint is between the ulna and radius close to the hand?

A

Distal radioulnar joint

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23
Q

Which joint goes between the carpal joints?

A

Midcarpal joint

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24
Q

Which joint goes between the humerus and radius?

A

Humeroradial joint

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25
Q

Which joint goes between the humerus and ulna?

A

Humero-ulnar joint

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26
Q

Which joint goes between the radius and ulnar close to the humerus?

A

Proximal radioulnar joint

27
Q

What is abduction of the thumb?

A

Thumb in neutral position moving away from the other phalanges

28
Q

What is adduction of the thumb?

A

Thumb in neutral position moving towards the other phalanges

29
Q

What is extension of the thumb?

A

Thumb in anatomical position moving laterally away from the other fingers.

30
Q

What is flexion of the thumb?

A

Thumb in anatomical position moving towards the palm and other fingers.

31
Q

What is opposition of the thumb?

A

Thumb moving towards the pinkie.

32
Q

What is reposition of the thumb?

A

Thumb moving away from the pinkie.

33
Q

For forearm pronation and supination which bone rotates around the other?

A

The radius rotates around the ulna.

34
Q

What types of synovial joints are found in the upper extremities?

A

Hinge joint
Ball in Socket
Condyloid Joint
Saddle Joint

35
Q

What is a condyloid joint?

A

Oval articular surface of one bone fits into complementary depression in another.
Biaxial joints permit all angular motions

36
Q

What are examples of condyloid joints?

A

Radiocarpal joints

MCP joints

37
Q

What is a saddle joint?

A

Similar to condyloid joints but allow greater movement. Each articular surface has both a concave and convex surface.

38
Q

What is an example of a saddle joint?

A

Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

39
Q

What is a hinge joint?

A

Cylindrical projections of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another.
Single plane of motion
uniaxial joints permit flexion and extension only.

40
Q

What are examples of hinge joints?

A

Elbow

Interphalangeal joints

41
Q

What is the functional position of the thumb?

A

Thumb in abduction and opposition with the pads of the 1st and 2nd fingers in line with the pad of the thumb.

42
Q

What occurs when the wrist becomes flexed?

A

The extensor tendons tighten and the distal transverse arch flattens.

43
Q

What muscles cause flexion of the elbow?

A 
Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
44
Q

What muscles cause extension of the elbow?

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

45
Q

What is a ball in socket joint?

A

A spherical or hemispherical head of one bone articulates with a cuplike socket of another.
Multiaxial joints permit the most freely moving synovial joints

46
Q

What is an example of a ball in socket joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint

47
Q

What is the functional position of the hand?

A 
30-40 degrees wrist extension
45-50 degrees MCP flexion
35-45 degrees PIP Flexion
10-25 degrees DIP Flexion
0-10 degrees Ulnar deviation
48
Q

What are the pronator muscles of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

49
Q

What are the supinator muscles of the forearm?

A

Biceps brachii

Supinator

50
Q

What are the flexor muscles of the wrist?

A 
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
51
Q

What are the extensor muscles of the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum

52
Q

What are the Radial deviator muscles of the wrist?

A 
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Abductor pollicis longus
53
Q

What causes flexion of the thumb?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis

54
Q

What causes extension of the thumb?

A

Extensor pollicis brevis

Abductor pollicis

55
Q

What causes abduction of the thumb?

A

Abductor pollicis longus

Abductor pollicis brevis

56
Q

What causes adduction of the thumb?

A

Adductor pollicis

1st dorsal interosseous

57
Q

What causes flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor digitorum profundus

58
Q

What causes extension of the proximal interphalangeal joint?

A

Interossei

Lumbricals

59
Q

What causes flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

60
Q

What causes extension of the distal interphalangeal joint?

A

Interossei

Lumbricals

61
Q

What causes flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint?

A

Dorsal interossei
Palmar Interossei
Lumbricals

62
Q

What causes extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint?

A

Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimus

63
Q

What should be remembered about the Interossei?

A 
Dorsal interossei (D.A.B.=Dorsal abducts the fingers)
Palmar Interossei (P.A.D.= Palmar adducts the fingers)
64
Q

What should be remembered about the lumbricals?

A

Flex MCP and extends the IP joints

Upper Extremity Orthotics (8 decks)

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