week 4 Flashcards
leichtners frameworks
situational factors
structural factors
cultural factors
environmental factors
situational factors
-sudden or violet events enable government they wouldn’t have done
-transient or one-time
-allows for polices previously not possible
-one time event that influence the policy of that country
ex: 9/11
structural factors
More permanent than situational factor
ex: political leaderships
cultural factors
Customs, arts, social institutions, symbols, language, norms, valuesand achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social gathering
ex:
Attitude towards government and the role of the state
Religious teachings
- beliefs of people if they trust the government or if they don’t
environmental factors
External or international factor
ex: NAFTA regulations
,Loss of manufacturing job
easton framework inputs
-values
- demand
-support
- resources
easton framework outputs
-good and services provided by government
-includes health care
-micro-meso-macro level policies
evaluation of the leichter and easton models
-useful toosls for identifying and asessing inputs and policy outcomes
-both models don’t consider the political activities of other common society organization
-both fail to capture the conflict that happens in public policy discounts
eastons model main focus
barely mentions other influences on the political systems
- social insitiutions
eastons framework government institutions
government institutions: welfare state variation – social democratic vs neoliberal
Critiques of Easton’s:
- Focuses too much on state institutions and too little on other actors
- Fail to capture the conflict that is inherent in public policy discourse
- Civil society organizations such as social movements are absent from these models or discussed as apolitical
key influences on public policy
civil society
advocacy groups
health coalitions and professional associations
media: sustainability of the public health care system
political idology
corporate sector: generating profile threat to public health care system and public policies that support heal
civil society
third sector of society, distinct from government and business, made up of non-
governmental organizations and institutions expressing the interests and will of citizens
ex: BLM
US affordable care act
AKA Obamacare: ideology influence
Insurance regulations
- Pre-existing conditions provision
- Ban on annual and lifetime coverage caps
- Cap on annual out-of-pocket costs
Individual mandate with premium subsidies
Employer mandate
US affordable care act individual and employer mandates
Individual mandate: requires every American to have some form of health insurance along with subsidies for people who can’t afford to pay for it
* Employer mandate: requires businesses above a certain size to provide health insurance coverage to
their employees
* Both mandates meant NEW customers for health insurance companies
How do Americans pay for their health care?
- Private insurance, Medicaid, medicare, Veterans Admin, uninsured/out of pocket
