week 4 Flashcards
Ethical Issues in Research
Ethical approval should occur from the institutional review
board or ethics committee
before the study begins/collecting data
Research needs to seek to answer a specific question
The research protocol should be developed and adhered to
Beneficence
a) Right to freedom from harm and discomfort
Physical
Emotional (traumatic vs therapeutic)
Social
Financial
b) Right to protection from exploitation
Respect for Human Dignity
a) Right to self-determination= if they wanna participate or not
Coercion (authority or stipend/money)
b) Right to full disclosure
Concealment
Deception
Justice
a) Right to fair treatment
b) Right to privacy= confidentiality
3 Key Ethical Principles
- Beneficence
- Respect for Human Dignity
- Justice
Procedures for Protecting Participants in Research= Potential Risks
Physical discomfort/harm
Emotional distress
Social risk
Loss of privacy
Loss of time
Cost
Procedures for Protecting Participants in= ResearchPotential Benefits
Intervention that helps the participant
Increased knowledge
Altruism
Escape normal routine
Stipends or incentives
Informed Consent
Formal document (autonomy) all detail
Purpose, risk/benefit, confidentiality
Process consent
(qualitative studies)
Continuously renegotiated
Implied consent
No formal document (e.g., Telephone survey)
Aggregate data
– reports the sum or average information to
protect participants
Debriefing and referrals
How was the process?
Do you need additional support/counselling?
Treatment of vulnerable groups
is this a vulnerable group? Yes or No?
Do the benefits outweigh the harm?
pregnant, racial, children
Conflicts of Interest
Researchers interest that influence their judgement
Personal
Commercial
Political
Academic
Financial
Ethics on Authorship
4 criteria:
Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work
Drafting the work or reviewing it critically
Final approval of the version to be published
Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work
What is Patient Oriented Research?
Engages Patients as Partners
Focuses on Patient-Identified Priorities
conducted by multidisciplinary teams in partnership with relevant stakeholders
Aims to apply knowledge generated to improve healthcare systems and practice
Indigenous Knowledge and Research
Way of knowing & knowledge embedded in communities, traditions and history
Exist outside the academic realm
Integrates the physical, mental, emotional & spiritual aspects of knowledge gathering & sharing
Indigenous research paradigms and methodology
Holistic, relational, and characterized by cultural living
Traditional knowledge Indigenous perspectives
Knowledge not owned= shared
Recognizes traditional and contemporary Indigenous knowledge
Constantly changing and evolving
Ethics and Principles of Indigenous Research
Proticals & principals
Meaningful community relationship
Reserch what indig ppl want
Consent
Invole them
Build reserch Capacity
findgings given back to cumunity to help
P Q- When a researcher explains all parts of the study, what ethical
principle are they using?
Respect for human dignity
P Q- A _______ _______ refers to the type of consent procedure that may be required in qualitative research involving multiple points of data collection
Process consent
P Q- Researchers wanted to examine how frequently nurses fail to insert an IV successfully. To obtain accurate data, nurses were not told that they were
being directly observed at work. What type of controversial technique was used by the researchers?
Concealment
