week 1/3 Flashcards
What is Nursing Research?
Nursing research is
a systematic inquiry
designed to develop evidence about issues of importance to nurses and their clients.”
Following evidence-based practice in research is the?
Gold standard
3 things evidence-based practice based on in the model?
- Best scientific evidence
- Patient values
- Clinical experience
What is evidence based practice?
Evidence-based practice is the use of the best evidence in making patient care decisions.
Roles of nurses in research?
1 Search for research evidence
2 Discuss implications
3 Offer advice to patients about a study
4 Contribute an idea for clinical inquiry
5 Assist in collecting research information
What Type of Knowledge is
Nursing Practice Based On?
: Tradition and experts- relying on experts & tradition
: Clinical experience- Relying on it BUT has bias b/c personal
: Trial and error- situational= too many variables
: Disciplined research: a
specialized body of
knowledge for
healthcare.
EBP Exemplars
Kangaroo care
Skin to skin
Widely adopted practice
Readiness of Nurses
for EBP
Nurses are both consumers and researchers of research
Barriers to Evidence Based Practice
Nurse characteristics-bias
Organization characteristics
Resources
Paradigm
Paradigm- philosophical reality
View of the world & explanation of how
the world works
- Has assumption= allows u to figure out
Nursing Research Paradigms
The Positivist Paradigm
The Constructivist Paradigm
The Positivist Paradigm
Looks to understand reasons behind phenomena
There is a reality that can be studied and known
Reality exists independent of human observation
Values objectivity
Quantitative
The Constructivist Paradigm
Reality is constructed by people- reality is diff for everyone
There are many ways to interpret reality
Subjective interactions are the best way to
understand the phenomenon of interest
Qualitative
What can you do to prepare to use
evidence in your everyday nursing
practice and bridge the know-do gap?
Use the evidence-based practice to bridge the gap
Evidence-Informed Practice Process
Ask
* Acquire
* Appraise
* Apply
* Assess
Step 1: Asking Questions –
about what?
Therapy / Intervention-Intervention implementing
Diagnosis / Assessment
Prognosis- in population
Etiology (cause)
Description
Meaning of experiences
Step 1: Asking Questions - How?
PICO
Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
Population
Disease type, severity, co-
morbidities
Age
Gender
Ethnicity
Intervention
Exposure
Treatment
Diagnostic test or
assessment
Prognostic factor
Risk factor
Comparison
What is it being compared TOO
Alternative therapy
No therapy (control)
Usual or standard care
May not exist or be relevant
Out come
Benefit- of intervention
Harm- of intervention
May be measured in a variety of ways
Step 1: Asking Questions - How?
Questions of meaning:
PICo
Population
Phenomenon of Interest
Context
Phenomenon of Interest
Experiences related to people’s health or
illness
How people perceive an aspect of their
health or their health care
Examples include symptoms, receiving a diagnosis, participating in the care of
someone, etc
Co-ntext
The persons context, enviroument, cultural &cuminity, setting
Types of Research Evidence
Qualitative Designs
Quantitative Designs
Single studies and
synopsis
Systematic reviews
and summaries
Clinical Practice
Guidelines
Grey Literature
Evidence higharchy
Help us know how strongly to take advice from
Systematic review
Single RTC
non-randomized control trial
P-Q. Evidence-based practice uses…
Clinical expertise, best evidence, and patient
preferences
P-Q What is the nature of reality in a positivist paradigm?
Reality exists but it is impossible to be totally
objective
Boolean ooperators
and
or
() works
* add extra ends
“ - to be in order
SOURCES THAT LEAD TO RESEARCH
Originate from researcher’s interests
2) Global social or political issues
3) Researchers within a program ofresearch
“next steps
“FINER” CRITERIA
1.F (Feasible): Is the study feasible in terms of time, money,
resources, and scope?
2.I (Interesting): Is the question interesting to the researcher and
the wider community?
3.N (Novel): Does the question add new knowledge or
perspectives?
4.E (Ethical): Is the study ethically sound?
5.R (Relevant): Is the question relevant to scientific knowledge,
clinical and health policy, or future research?
LOCATION OF RESEARCH
Can occur in many settings , clinics, homes.
A ‘site’ refers to the broad location of the research, like a whole community or an institution.
- Multisite studies are conducted to include a larger and more diverse participant
group.
CONCEPTS AND THEORIES
Concept- more measurable.. Human attributes , phenommon,pain, fatigue , obesity in qualitative.
Construct- Complex ideas, nurses help beyond care.
Therory- an explanation of aspects of reality.
- qual = theory explain what happens
- qaunt= theory explain phenom
Evidence-Based Practice Process
Ask * Clinical question
Acquire * Search
Appraise * Quality
Apply * Implement
Assess * Evaluate
Step two of EBP
Acquire
- Who to search with?
- Where to search?
- How to search?
- What to search for?
- What tools to use?
STEPS IN A QUALITATIVE STUDY
STEPS IN A QUALITATIVE STUDY
1. Conceptualizing and Planning the Study
2. Conducting the Study
Conceptualizing and Planning the Study
◎ Identifying the research problem
◎ Doing a literature review
◎ Developing an overall approach
◎ Selecting and gaining entrée into research sites
◎ Developing an overall approach
◎ Addressing ethical issues
Conducting the Study
◎ Sampling, data collection, data analysis, and interpretation take place in an
iterative process
◎ Talk with those who have firsthand experience with the phenomenon of interest
◎ Data analysis involves clustering related narrative information and developing
themes
◎ Data saturation determines participant numbers
◎ Ensure the data accurately reflects the participants’ viewpoints
◎ Disseminate findings at conferences, publications etc
Quantitative Research Methods
Phase 1: The conceptual phase= is there a conceptual framework
Phase 2: The design and planning phase= select design, every detail is important
Phase 3: The empirical phase= Collection of data
Phase 4: The analytic phase = Explain results/ clinical signiff
Phase 5: The dissemination phase= find the best way to present findings
Tittle
Title = key words & type of study
Abstarct
Summary = research Q, methodology, main results, implications
What is IMRaD?
Intro
Method
Results
Discussion
results
Main findings
* Quantitative: statistical tests, P-value, statistical significance
* Qualitative: themes and/or categories found
Findings : Qaulitative
Raw data
thematically organized
Researcher’s emerging theory about the phenomenon under study
DISCUSSION
Interpretation of what results mean
*Contains studies to justify findings
(similarities/differences)
- Strengths and limitations of the study
Quantitative studies have __________ flow of steps, while
qualitative studies have ______ flow of steps.
a) Linear; circular
