Week 4 Flashcards
Characteristics that disqualify a person from being included in a sample
exclusion criteria
the characteristics a person must possess in order to be included in a sample
inclusion citeria
the cluster of people that a researcher is most interested in
population
the process by which the researcher informs potential participants about the study and attempts to get them to participate
recruitment
the group of people you successfully recruit from your sampling frame to participate in your study
sample
a real or hypothetical list of people from which a researcher will draw her sample
sampling frame
researcher gathers data from whatever cases happen to be convenient
convenience sampling
sampling techniques for which a person’s likelihood of being selected for membership in the sample is unknown
nonprobability sampling
when a researcher seeks out participants with specific charcteristics
purposive sampling
when a researcher selects cases from within several different subgroups
quota sample
when a researcher relies on participant referrals to recruit new participants
snowball sample
a sampling approach that begins by sampling groups (or clusters) of population elements and selecting elements from within those groups
cluster sampling
the idea that a study’s results will tell us something about a group larger than the sample from which the findings were generated
generalizability
the tendency for a pattern to occur at regular intervals
periodicity
in cluster sampling, giving clusters different chances of being selected based on their size so that each element within those clusters has an equal chance of being selected
probability proportionate to size
sampling approaches for which a person’s likelihood of being selected from the sampling frame is known
probability sampling
using randomly generated numbers to determine who from the sampling fram gets recruited into the sample
random selection
a sample that resembles the population from which it was drawn in all the ways that are important for the research being conducted
representative sample
a statistical calculation of the difference between results from a sample and the actual parameters of a population
sampling error
selecting elements from a list using randomly generated numbers
simple random sampling
the characteristic by which the sample is divided
strata
dividing the study population into relevant sub-groups and then drawing a sample from each subgroup
stratified sampling
selecting every kth element from a list
systematic sampling
in sampling, when the elements selected for inclusion in a study do not represent the larger population from which they were drawn due to sampling method or thought process of the researcher
bias
