week 4

Question 1

Ideal for smaller vessels, providing excellent transverse stiffness and easier construction.

purpose: Designed to provide structural strength to a ship by using a series of closely spaced, transverse frames (ribs) running across the width of the vessel.

Answer 1

Transverse Framing System

Question 2

•Resist Hydrostatic/local loading ( Bow & Engine room area, Cargo hold of Bulk carrier )

•Absorb the vibration (E/R, Accommodation)

•Simplified construction:This system is easier and quicker to construct because of the regularity and simplicity of the transverse frames.

•Cost-Effective: transverse framing is less expensive due to the reduced amount of steel required compared to longitudinal framing, making it suitable for smaller vessels

Answer 2

Advantages

Question 3

Preferred for larger vessels having a length more than 120 meters, offering superior longitudinal strength and weight distribution, essential for the structural integrity of large ships.

Purpose:
Designed to enhance the longitudinal strength of a ship by using frames that run parallel to the length of the vessel.

Answer 3

Longitudinal Framing

Question 4

•Resist the longitudinal bending stress due to sagging and hogging.

•Better for Larger Vessels: suitable for large vessels, such as tankers and bulk carriers, where greater structural integrity is necessary over long spans.

•Efficient Weight Distribution: This system allows for a more even distribution of weight along the hull, reducing stress concentration in specific areas.

•Speed-up in fabrication by Auto welding machines

Answer 4

longitudinal advantages

Question 5

Hatch openings are large openings in the ship’s deck that allow for the loading and unloading of cargo.
Their construction and maintenance are vital for maintaining the ship’s structural integrity and ensuring the protection of cargo and crew from the sea and weather.

Answer 5

Hatch Openings

Question 6

the raised edge around the hatch opening, helps prevent water ingress.
It usually consists of a raised section of deck plating around an opening, such as a cargo hatch. Coamings also provide a frame onto which to fit a hatch cover.

Answer 6

Coaming

Question 7

A large steel structure fitted over a hatch opening to prevent the ingress of water into the cargo hold.
It may also be the supporting structure for deck cargo

Answer 7

Hatch covers

Question 8

Regular inspection and maintenance of hatch covers, seals, and coamings are necessary to ensure they remain watertight and structurally sound.
Corrosion, wear and tear, and mechanical damage can compromise their effectiveness.

Answer 8

Maintenance

Question 9

Superstructures include the parts of the ship above the main deck, such as the bridge, accommodations, and other deckhouses.
These structures are integral to the overall design and seaworthiness of the ship.

Answer 9

Superstructures

Question 10

The overall seaworthiness of a ship depends on the effective construction and maintenance of hatch openings and superstructures.
Proper design and regular maintenance ensure that the ship can withstand the harsh marine environment, protect the cargo and crew, and maintain stability and buoyancy in all sea conditions.

Answer 10

Seaworthiness