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Linguistics 2B - Syntax > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a phrase that functions as the subject?

A

‘usually’ a noun phrase NP

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2
Q

what is phrase that functions as the predicate?

A

verb phrase VP

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3
Q

what is the functional relation between subject and predicate?

A

it is a two-way street: you cannot have a subject without a predicate, you cannot have a predicate without a subject

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4
Q

what are two grammatical functions of the predicate?

A
  • forming yes/no questions involves inverting the order of subject and finite auxiliary
  • subjects show agreement with finite verb
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5
Q

what must the predicate always contain?

A

the predicate must always contain at least one verb, it may contain complements and/or adverbials

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6
Q

what is obligatory in a sentence? and what can be freely added?

A

objects are obligatory, adverbials can be freely added to the sentence

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7
Q

what has a flexible position in a sentence and what does not?

A

adverbials are typically flexible in their position, objects are always adjacent fo the lexical verb

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8
Q

what is the complement of a mono-transitive verb?

A

object

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9
Q

what is the complement of a intransitive verb?

A

none

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10
Q

what is the complement of a di-transitive verb?

A

indirect object, direct object

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11
Q

what is the complement for a complex intransitive verb?

A

subject complement

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12
Q

what is the complement for a complex transitive verb?

A

object, object complement

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13
Q

what is a subject complement?

A

says what or how (or where) the subject is

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14
Q

what is a object complement?

A

says what or how (or where) the object is

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15
Q

what are adverbs?

A

a syntactic category

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16
Q

what are adverbials?

A

a phrase that functions as modifier of VP or as the modifier of the sentence, it is a function

17
Q

what are the 3 types of adverbials?

A

adjuncts, disjuncts, conjuncts,

18
Q

what is an adjunct?

A

modifiers of VP, they provide circumstantial information on the how/when/where/why. Can be AdvP, PP, NP and sentence

19
Q

what is a disjunct?

A

modifiers of sentences that convey a speakers opinion, they modify the complete sentence. Can be AdvP and PP
–> of course

20
Q

what is a conjunct?

A

modifiers of sentences that convey discourse relations, connect sentences to each other. They modify a complete sentence, can be AdvP and PP

21
Q

what is in the sister position of a verb?

A

complements

22
Q

what is in the sister position of a VP?

A

adjuncts

23
Q

what is the natural order of adjuncts?

A

manner > place > time > reason

24
Q

to what are the disjunct and conjunct sisters?

A

to the S (subject)

Linguistics 2B - Syntax (6 decks)

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