Week 4 Flashcards
what is a phrase that functions as the subject?
‘usually’ a noun phrase NP
what is phrase that functions as the predicate?
verb phrase VP
what is the functional relation between subject and predicate?
it is a two-way street: you cannot have a subject without a predicate, you cannot have a predicate without a subject
what are two grammatical functions of the predicate?
- forming yes/no questions involves inverting the order of subject and finite auxiliary
- subjects show agreement with finite verb
what must the predicate always contain?
the predicate must always contain at least one verb, it may contain complements and/or adverbials
what is obligatory in a sentence? and what can be freely added?
objects are obligatory, adverbials can be freely added to the sentence
what has a flexible position in a sentence and what does not?
adverbials are typically flexible in their position, objects are always adjacent fo the lexical verb
what is the complement of a mono-transitive verb?
object
what is the complement of a intransitive verb?
none
what is the complement of a di-transitive verb?
indirect object, direct object
what is the complement for a complex intransitive verb?
subject complement
what is the complement for a complex transitive verb?
object, object complement
what is a subject complement?
says what or how (or where) the subject is
what is a object complement?
says what or how (or where) the object is
what are adverbs?
a syntactic category
what are adverbials?
a phrase that functions as modifier of VP or as the modifier of the sentence, it is a function
what are the 3 types of adverbials?
adjuncts, disjuncts, conjuncts,
what is an adjunct?
modifiers of VP, they provide circumstantial information on the how/when/where/why. Can be AdvP, PP, NP and sentence
what is a disjunct?
modifiers of sentences that convey a speakers opinion, they modify the complete sentence. Can be AdvP and PP
–> of course
what is a conjunct?
modifiers of sentences that convey discourse relations, connect sentences to each other. They modify a complete sentence, can be AdvP and PP
what is in the sister position of a verb?
complements
what is in the sister position of a VP?
adjuncts
what is the natural order of adjuncts?
manner > place > time > reason
to what are the disjunct and conjunct sisters?
to the S (subject)
