Week 3 Flashcards
in which 2 categories can syntactic categories be divided?
major categories and minor categories
of what does the major category exist?
nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
of what does the minor category exist?
prepositions, conjunctions, determiners, interjections
how can syntactic categories be identified?
- semantics
- morphology
- syntactic environment where the word can be found in
which inflectional forms does a verb have? (5)
- present 3rd singular
- past
- perfect + passive participle
- progressive participle
- basic form
which inflectional forms does a noun have? (2)
- singular
- plural
which inflectional forms does an adjective have? (3)
- positive
- comparative
- superlative
which affixes does a verb have? (3)
-ise, -ify, un-
which affixes does a noun have? (5)
-ness, -ity, -ment, -al, -ee
which affixes does an adjective have? (2)
-y, un-
which affixes does an adverb have? (1)
-ly
in which 2 groups can nouns be divided?
proper nouns and common nouns
what are proper nouns?
proper nouns do not pluralise, not modified, do occur with ‘the’
in which 2 groups can common nouns be divided?
count nouns and mass nouns
what are count nouns?
refer to countable things. occurs with an indefinite article, takes singular and plural, combines with numerals, takes many NOT much
what are mass nouns?
refer to uncountable things and substances. Does not occur with an indefinite article, does not take singular and plural, does not combine with numerals, takes much NOT many
what are personal pronouns?
I, me, her, you
what are reflexive pronouns?
myself, herself, yourself
what are reciprocal pronouns?
each other, one another
what are indefinite pronouns?
something, nobody, anything
what are demonstrative pronouns?
this, that, these, those
what are interrogative pronouns?
who, what, which
what are relative pronouns?
that, who, which, when
what are possessive independent pronouns?
mine, yours, his, hers, ours
what are possessive determiner pronouns?
my, yours, his, hers our
what can a noun follow?
a determiner, an adjective, can be part of the subject of a sentence
what can lexical (main)/auxiliary verbs follow?
lexical (main)/auxiliary verbs can follow a subject phrase
what can lexical verbs follow?
auxiliary verbs, can be followed by a NP, can be preceded/followed by an adverb
what do prepositions precede?
prepositions precede NP in English
what are prepositions?
beside, on, with, at
what are coordinator conjuctions?
and/or
what are subordinator (complementisers) conjunctions?
that/although/because
what do the properties of the head determine?
the properties of the head determine the properties of the NO, such as the meaning, the category type and plural/singular agreement with the verb
what are other constituents aside the head in a phrase?
modifiers and complements, they can be added freely to phrases, they are always optional
what are complements often when they are added to phrases? and what does that mean?
complements must be added to phrases, the head sub-categorizes for them. Sub-categorisation means that the head determines the category of the complement
