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CV > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How is a murmur described?

A

Systole or diastole?
Type
Where it’s loudest
Where it radiates
What grade

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2
Q

Describe a pansystolic murmur?

A

Throughout and constant

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3
Q

Describe an ejection systolic murmur?

A

Increases

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4
Q

Describe an early diastolic murmur?

A

Low rumbling

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5
Q

What murmur may radiate to the carotids?

A

Aortic stenosis

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6
Q

What murmur radiates to the axilla?

A

Mitral regurgitation

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7
Q

What are the grades of murmurs?

A

I: Very quiet
II: Quiet easy to hear
III: Loud
IV: Loud with a thrill
V: Very loud with a thrill
VI: Audible without a stethoscope

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8
Q

What are the types of valvular heart disease?

A

Stenosis
Regurgitation
Mixed

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9
Q

What can lead to aortic stenosis?

A

Age
Can be congenital
Rheumatics

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10
Q

What symptoms may be seen in aortic stenosis?

A

SOB
Chest pain
Syncope
Dizziness

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11
Q

What clinical signs may be seen in aortic stenosis?

A

Low volume pulse
Forceful displaced apex
Ejection systolic murmur

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12
Q

How may aortic stenosis be treated?

A

Conventional valve replacement
TAVI
Balloon aortic valvotomy

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13
Q

What are the types of mitral regurgitation?

A

Primary
Secondary

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14
Q

How might primary mitral regurgitation occur?

A

Leaflet prolapse
Chordae rupture (degenerative)

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15
Q

What most commonly causes secondary mitral regurgitation?

A

HF

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16
Q

What is myxomatous?

A

Thickened abnormal valve leaflet often inherited

17
Q

What is the main cause of mitral stenosis?

A

Rheumatics

18
Q

What symptoms may be seen in mitral stenosis?

A

SOB
Fatigue
AF

19
Q

What clinical signs may be seen in mitral stenosis?

A

Malar flush
Tapping apex beat
Mid diastolic rumbling murmur localised to apex

20
Q

In aortic regurgitation where can the primary problem occur?

A

Leaflets
Annulus

21
Q

What clinical signs may be seen in aortic regurgitation?

A

SOB
Collapsing pulse
Displaced apex
Early diastolic murmur

22
Q
A

CV (5 decks)

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