week 4 Flashcards
what are neurological and neuromuscular disorders due to
insult on developing CNS pre/peri/postnatally
genetic or congenital conditions
trauma
name some neurological and neuromuscular disorders
cerebral palsy
DMD
hydrocephalus
learning disabilities e.g. down’s syndrome
What is cerebral palsy
an umbrella term for a type of physical disability caused by damage to the brain which occurs before, during, or immediately after, the birth of a child
How does cerebral palsy affect someone
it affects a persons ability to move and maintain their balance and posture
What are the 4 types of cerebral palsy
spastic
dyskinetic
ataxic
mixed
Which type of Cp affects 2 limbs
diplegia
which type of CP affects one side of the body
hemiplegia
which type of CP affects all limbs
quadriplegia
what is spastic SP
appears in muscles as stiff and tight
can result in damage in motor cortex
what is dyskinetic CP
characterised by involuntary movements
basal ganglia damage
what is ataxic CP
characterised by shakey movements and effects a persons balance and sense of positioning
cerebellum damage
name some problems related to CP
attention
emotions
language
ability to learn
eating and drinking
visual and perceptual skills
sensory loss
epilepsy
ASD
ADHD
what is spina bifida
congenital abnormality in formation of spinal vertebrae
what is hydrocephalus
a build up of fluid in the brain
the excess fluid (CSF) leads to increased pressure on the brain which can cause damage to the brain tissue
Name 3 types of hydrocephalus
congenital
acquired
idiopathic
name some symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus
a change in the way you walk
urinary symptoms, including a frequent and urgent need to urinate, and loss of bladder control
changes in mental abilities, including slower reactions and information processing
what is duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
the body cant produce dystrophin, a protein you need to build up your muscles
as a result, every muscle in the body deteriorates
What does DMD lead to
respiratory failure
heart failure
other debilitating orthopaedic complications
name some non-traumatic spinal cord lesions
degenerative disc disease and spinal canal stenosis
spinal infarct
tumour
inflammation of spinal cord
viral infection
developmental/congenital abnormalities
name some symptoms of autonomic dysfunction
impairment of vasomotor control
postural hypotension
autonomic dysreflexia
problems with bladder and bowel function
problems with sexual function
what is autonomic dysreflexia triggered by
any strong or painful stimulus below the level of injury, such as bladder and bowel problems, tight clothing or pressure ulcers
how do you prevent autonomic dysreflexia
maintaining good bladder, bowel and skin care
using medications during procedures that could trigger autonomic dysreflexia
what does autonomic dysreflexia involve
sudden rise in blood pressure, accompanied by heart rate changes, headaches, sweating and other symptoms
