week 4

Question 1

what are neurological and neuromuscular disorders due to

Answer 1

insult on developing CNS pre/peri/postnatally
genetic or congenital conditions
trauma

Question 2

name some neurological and neuromuscular disorders

Answer 2

cerebral palsy
DMD
hydrocephalus
learning disabilities e.g. down’s syndrome

Question 3

What is cerebral palsy

Answer 3

an umbrella term for a type of physical disability caused by damage to the brain which occurs before, during, or immediately after, the birth of a child

Question 4

How does cerebral palsy affect someone

Answer 4

it affects a persons ability to move and maintain their balance and posture

Question 5

What are the 4 types of cerebral palsy

Answer 5

spastic
dyskinetic
ataxic
mixed

Question 6

Which type of Cp affects 2 limbs

Answer 6

diplegia

Question 7

which type of CP affects one side of the body

Answer 7

hemiplegia

Question 8

which type of CP affects all limbs

Answer 8

quadriplegia

Question 9

what is spastic SP

Answer 9

appears in muscles as stiff and tight
can result in damage in motor cortex

Question 10

what is dyskinetic CP

Answer 10

characterised by involuntary movements
basal ganglia damage

Question 11

what is ataxic CP

Answer 11

characterised by shakey movements and effects a persons balance and sense of positioning
cerebellum damage

Question 12

name some problems related to CP

Answer 12

attention
emotions
language
ability to learn
eating and drinking
visual and perceptual skills
sensory loss
epilepsy
ASD
ADHD

Question 13

what is spina bifida

Answer 13

congenital abnormality in formation of spinal vertebrae

Question 14

what is hydrocephalus

Answer 14

a build up of fluid in the brain
the excess fluid (CSF) leads to increased pressure on the brain which can cause damage to the brain tissue

Question 15

Name 3 types of hydrocephalus

Answer 15

congenital
acquired
idiopathic

Question 16

name some symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus

Answer 16

a change in the way you walk
urinary symptoms, including a frequent and urgent need to urinate, and loss of bladder control
changes in mental abilities, including slower reactions and information processing

Question 17

what is duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

Answer 17

the body cant produce dystrophin, a protein you need to build up your muscles
as a result, every muscle in the body deteriorates

Question 18

What does DMD lead to

Answer 18

respiratory failure
heart failure
other debilitating orthopaedic complications

Question 19

name some non-traumatic spinal cord lesions

Answer 19

degenerative disc disease and spinal canal stenosis
spinal infarct
tumour
inflammation of spinal cord
viral infection
developmental/congenital abnormalities

Question 20

name some symptoms of autonomic dysfunction

Answer 20

impairment of vasomotor control
postural hypotension
autonomic dysreflexia
problems with bladder and bowel function
problems with sexual function

Question 21

what is autonomic dysreflexia triggered by

Answer 21

any strong or painful stimulus below the level of injury, such as bladder and bowel problems, tight clothing or pressure ulcers

Question 22

how do you prevent autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 22

maintaining good bladder, bowel and skin care
using medications during procedures that could trigger autonomic dysreflexia

Question 23

what does autonomic dysreflexia involve

Answer 23

sudden rise in blood pressure, accompanied by heart rate changes, headaches, sweating and other symptoms