Week 4

Question 1

most common chronic risk factor for CVD

Answer 1

Hypertension

Question 2

Diagnosis of hypertension

Answer 2

sustained S >140 and D>90

Question 3

Coronary heart/ artery disease

Answer 3

Coronary arteries are unable to send enough blood to heart muscle
* Usually caused by cholesterol deposits (atherosclerosis)
* Symptoms can be “silent” for a long time; usually include: Angina, shortness
of breath, fatigue.
* Atherosclerosis can lead to MI or CVA (silent MI for older people)

Question 4

Heart Valve Disease symptoms

Answer 4

Signs and symptoms: heart murmur, chest pain, abdominal swelling, fatigue,
SOB, swelling of feet/ ankles, dizziness and fainting, cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 5

Heart Failure or congestive heart failure 5 year survival rate (different depending on who you ask but this is what the PP says)

Answer 5

around 50% of people diagnosed with HF will die
within 5 years of diagnosis

Question 6

What are the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Answer 6

• Age >55 for men, >65 for women
• Family history of CVD
• Microalbuminuria
• Hypertension
• Smoking
• Central obesity
• Physical inactivity
• Dyslipidemia
• Diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance/ impaired fasting glucose
• Metabolic syndrome

Question 7

Climate change and its impact on older people

Answer 7

• Both low and high temperatures are associated with cardiovascular and respiratory
  disease mortality rates

Climate change making this worse

Climate change affects the most vulnerable populations the most, including older
people (>65 yrs), locally and worldwide

Also chances food insecurity/increased pollution

Question 8

pollution and CVD

Answer 8

Increased pollution increases exacerbations of cardiovascular and respiratory
disease

Question 9

Food insecurity and CVD

Answer 9

may increase cardiovascular disease (eg
lack of omega 3 for prevention of CVD) eg, 1·4 million deaths due to cardiovascular
disease in 2017 were attributed to diets low in seafood omega-3 fatty acids

Question 10

Living with cardiovascular disease/ HF in later life – the patient
perspective

Answer 10

• Disruptions and distress
• Sense of loss of power
• Role dysfunction
• Beliefs about disease progression
• Coping strategies
• Adjustment of living with CHF

Question 11

Nurse’s role for helping pt manage reality of living with CVD/HF

Answer 11

• Focus on support systems
• Providing “hope” in managing (even if not halting) disease progression
• Further understanding for cultural differences in adjustment process

Question 12

Resources to look at

Answer 12

Deprescribing and older people with CVD,Aortic stenosis, Living with cardiovascular disease