Week 4 Flashcards
The beating heart of the renaissance was
The printing press
Who invented the printing press
Gutenberg
What is a moveable type printing press
instead of engraving each page of a book on a sheet of metal, so it can only be used for printing that page of that book, the letters would be kept in a tray by the press, and the typesetter would reach over and take the letter they needed to put words together
What was the Protestant reformation
a movement in Western Christianity where denominations of Christians rejected the authority of the Catholic Church, set up their own religions on their own territories, and began to fight with the Church and with each other
Who was the father of modern anatomy
Andreas Vesalius (1514 - 1564)
Published a lavishly illustrated 7 volume set of anatomical studies called “On the Fabric of the Human Body”, in 1543
Nicolaus Copernicus
1473-1543, Polish astronomer, mathematician, and a prominent Catholic priest.
Geocentric
Believing the earth is at the centre of the universe
Copernicus developed a heliocentric model which is
A belief that the sun is the centre of the universe.
Copernicus was worried about how his book would be viewed so he waited to publish it. How long?
36 years, he saw his published book on his death bed.
Galileo Galileo
1564-1642. The greatest physical scientist of the renaissance
Observational science
a field where controlled experiments cannot be done to isolate causes and effects, e.g. astronomy, geology, epidemiology, economics, climate science. You can measure, survey, sample and model.
Experimental science
experiments can be designed that control all variables but the ones whose causal relationships you want to examine.
Who invented the telescope, and how?
In 1606, Hans Lippershey was in his lens shop, walking in between racks of spectacle lenses. He noticed that when he looked through a convex and concave lens that happened to line up, a distant Church spire appeared closer. It was bigger and more details were visible.
He mounted the lenses in a tube, the right optical length apart, so that light would enter at the far end, and be magnified by a small lens that served as the eyepiece. In so doing, he invented the first refracting telescope.
Galileo’s books were so blatant, what was his fate?
His books were banned and burned when found (though the new culture of print guaranteed that this did not stop there circulation.)
Galileo was put on trial and convicted of heresy. He had to sign a statement renouncing the Copernican view that the Earth moved around the sun. He was then confined to his villa near Florence for the rest of his life.
Legend has it he muttered “Eppur si muove” (but does it move) as he signed the document
Galileo predicted that Italian science and trade would be overtaken by northern rivals unless scientist were guarantees freedom of inquiry. Did this happen?
Conditions in Italy were not compatible with his passionate please for unrestricted freedom of inquiry. But conditions in Italy were not compatible with free scientific inquiry. So just as he predicted the next great scientific advances came in Germany and England – both protestant countries of northern Europe.
