Week 4 Flashcards
What is patient-reported outcome (PRO) and its features?
A PRO is a report of the patient’s health condition that comes directly from the patient without interpretation by a clinician or anyone else.
Commonly focuses on how patient feels or functions. Provides the 'patient voice' in a clinical trial or other study
Why focus on Clinical outcome assessments?
- Common in mental health research
- In psychiatric epidemiology COAs are used to:
- Define cases
- Evaluate efficacy or effectiveness
What is content validity?
To demonstrate that the items and the response options are easily understood,
relevant and fully capture the concept of interest
What is CONSORT extension?
The CONSORT statement aims to improve the reporting of RCTs
What is validity and reliability?
Validity is measuring the right thing
• Reliability is measuring the thing right
Why reliability is important?
To ensure that the instrument yields consistent, reproducible scores
• Error can be described as the inverse of reliability. We know that there will be
some measurement error in our assessments, so we want to evaluate how to
minimise this error as much as possible
What is internal consistency reliability?
To ensure that a set of item scores measure a single underlying construct
What is test-restest reliability?
To confirm that scores on the instrument are stable over time when the concept of
interest is unchanged
What is inter-rater reliability?
To confirm that scores on the instrument are stable over raters using the
instrument to rate the same individual
What is validity?
To evaluate the extent to which a scale measures what it intends to measure
what is construct validity?
To demonstrate that scores produced by the instrument are related to other items,
instruments, or subject characteristics in a hypothesized manner
What is diagnostic accuracy?
The “diagnostic validity” of a test refers to the test’s ability to differentiate persons with and without a specified disorder.
What is sensitivity?
the ability of a test to correctly identify patients with a disease
What is specificity?
the ability of a test to correctly identify people without the disease.
what is positive predictive value?
is the probability that subjects with a positive screening test truly have the disease.
what is negative predictive value?
is the probability that subjects with a negative screening test truly don’t have the disease.
