week 3- what moves you

Question 1

define motivation

Answer 1

is the driving force behind behavior that leads us to purse some things and avoid others

Question 2

psychodynamic motivation

Answer 2

distinguishes between conscious (explicit) and unconscious (implicit motives

emerged from a biological framework (underlying motivation)
argue for : need for relatedness to others, need for self esteem

Question 3

behaviorist (perspective) motivation

Answer 3

-asserts that humans are motivated to repeat behaviors that lead to reinforcement + to avoid behaviors associated with punishment
-environment
-drivers are states of arousal that accompany an unfulfilled need ( hunger, thirst etc)
-DRIVE REDUCTION THEORY- we behave in order to satisfy needs + reduce drives.

Question 4

cognitive (perspective) motivation

Answer 4

that people are motivated to perform behaviors that they value and that they believe that they can attain

Question 5

humanistic (perspective) motivation

Answer 5

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. basic needs must be met before higher level needs become active

Question 6

evolutionary (perspective) motivation

Answer 6

argue that basic human motives derive from the tasks of survival and reproduction
expanded the concept of reproductive success to include inclusive fitness, natural selection favours organisms that survive, reproduce and foster of their kin
endowed humans and other animals with motivational mechanisms that lead them to maximize their inclusive fitness
- drives for sex and aggression
-motives for relatedness and self-esteem

Question 7

sexual behaviour effects

Answer 7

-organizational effects (influencing the structure of neural circuitry)
-activational effects (activating physiological changes that depend on this circuitry).

Question 8

what is the sexual response cycle + sexual orientation

Answer 8

refers to the pattern of physiological changes that takes place in both women and men during sex

to the direction of a person’s enduring sexual attraction, to members of the same or opposite sex

Question 9

what are the two psychosocial motives + define

Answer 9

RELATEDNESS- needs refer to movtives for connectedness with others, such as attachment, intimacy and affiliation

AGENCY- includes motives for achievement. autonomy, mastery, power and other self-oriented goals; the need for achievement refers to the need to succeed and to avoid failure

Question 10

Define metabolism

Answer 10

is the process by which the body transforms food into energy

• an absorptive phase, in which the body is absorbing nutrients
  -a fasting phase, in which the body is converting short+ long-term fuel stores into energy useful for the brain and body.

Question 11

homeostatic systems

Answer 11

-a set point (a biologically optimal level the system strives to maintain)
-feedback mechanisms (which provide the system with info regarding the state of the system with respect to the variables being regulated)
-corrective mechanisms( that restore the system to its set point when needed)

Question 12

Homoeostasis

Answer 12

refers to the body’s tendency to maintain a relatively constant state that permits cells to live and function

Question 13

Feelings of hunger

Answer 13

derive from falling levels of glucose and lipids in the bloodstream, which are detected by receptors in the liver and brainstem

Question 14

satiety

Answer 14

occurs through a number of mechanisms, including tastes and smells, but primarily through detection of nutrients in the stomach and intestines

Question 15

obesity

Answer 15

involves having a body weight more than 15 percent above the ideal for a person’s height and age.

Question 16

define emotion

Answer 16

is an evaluative response that typically includes physiological arousal, subjective experience and behavioural or emotional expression

Question 17

James-Lange theory

Answer 17

asserts that emotions originate in peripheral nervous system responses, which the central nervous system then interprets

Question 18

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 18

argues that emotion-inducing stimuli simultaneously elicit both an emotional experience and bodily responses

Question 19

psychodynamic perspectives on emotion

Answer 19

people can be unconscious of their emotional experience and can act on emotions even when they lack subjective awareness of them

Question 20

cognitive perspective on emotion

Answer 20

such as Schachter-Singer theory, asserts that emotion occurs as people interpret their physiological arousal

Question 21

evolutionary perspective on emotion

Answer 21

asserts that emotion serves an important role in communication between members of a species, and can be a powerful source of motivation.

Question 22

what 2 components does motivation have

Answer 22

what people want (the goals they pursue) and how badly they want it.

Question 23

define intrinsic motivation

Answer 23

refers to the enjoyment of and interest in a behaviour for its own sakes