week 2- from cells to consciousness

Question 1

Hebbs law

Answer 1

cells (neurons ) that fire together wire together
pathways will start to develop in the brain

Question 2

neurological networks enable you to:

Answer 2

-perceive, interpret the world around you
-remember precious similar events, evaluate, plan, act
-brain is constantly learning /changing /adapting
-we learn a lot about the brain when something goes wrong

Question 3

what are the 3 types of neurons

Answer 3

sensory, motor, and interneurons

Question 4

sensory neuron

Answer 4

nerve cells that are activated by sensory input form the environment

Question 5

motor neuron

Answer 5

Messages or signals form nerve cells in the brain are transmitted to cells in lower motor neurons and from them to muscles in the body

Question 6

interneurons

Answer 6

they connect motor and sensory neurons.

Question 7

structure of the neuron

Answer 7

Cell body -palm
Dendrites- fingers “above” cell body. Provide input
Axonal hillock- wrist. Site of graded potential - trigger point
Axon- forearm. Long structure- output carries electrical signal up to terminal button.

Question 8

Terminal button :

Answer 8

• at the end of the axon is the terminal button
• contains vesicles (bubbles) of neurotransmitter (brain chemical)
• vesicle ruptures, neurotransmitter crosses a small gap -synapse( some are electrical)

Question 9

Neurotransmitter

Answer 9

-activates a receptor site on the next neuron
may be inhibitory ( GABA ) or excitatory- may accumulate ( such as glutamate)
-they may sometimes may cancel each other

Question 10

neuron resting state

Answer 10

-selectivly permeable cell membrance
-excess of positive charge outside and negative charges instide(large protins)

Question 11

neuron memebrane +channels

Answer 11

the membrane has channels alllowing for the transport of ions.
Kion channels permanelty open
Naion channels are coltage gated (mehacnism of action protenial)
-Sodium potassium pump ejects 3 Na* and bring in 2K(allowing the neuron to reset

Question 12

how do the neuron fire (action potential)

Answer 12

Inputs into the neuron via dentrites
Inhibtory + Excitatory
Graded protentials-diminisg with distance, are additive or cumlative

Question 13

how do the neuron fire (action potential)

Answer 13

Inputs into the neuron via dendrites
Inhibitory + Excitatory
Graded potentials- diminish with distance, are additive or cumulative

Question 14

Action potential

Answer 14

All or nothing event

Question 15

Gultamate

Answer 15

• enables sodium channels to open and sodium to flow in
• primary excitatory trait

Question 16

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Answer 16

-opens CI- ion channels
-makes inside of the axon more negative
inexibatory trait

Question 17

define dopamine

Answer 17

compound present in the body as a neurotransmitter and a precursor of other substances including adrenaline.

Question 18

what is serotonin

Answer 18

involved with mood + sleep and pain

Question 19

what is endorphin

Answer 19

natural brain system, that releases chemicals when it receives pain or stress

Question 20

what is acetylcholine

Answer 20

somatic nervous system, acetylcholine is used at the neuromuscular junctions, triggering the firing of motor neurons and affecting voluntary movements

Question 21

medications ( antagonists + agonists)

Answer 21

Antagonists: substances that inhibit the action of neurotransmitter
Agonists: substances that facilitate the action of neurotransmitter

Question 22

medications ( antagonists + agonists)

Answer 22

Antagonists: substances that inhibit the action of neurotransmitter
Agonists: substances that facilitate the action of neurotransmitter