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CNSI > Week 3 Vocab > Flashcards

Week 3 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Foramen magnum

A

the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes

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2
Q

Meninges

A

the three membranes (the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater) that line the skulland vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Epidural space

A

the space located between the inner surface of the skull and the tightlyadherent dura

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4
Q

Subdural space

A

the space between the inner layer of dura and the loosely adherent arachnoid5. Subarachnoid space – the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space between the arachnoid and the pia

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5
Q

Ventricles

A

a hollow part or cavity in an organ

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6
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

clear watery fluid which fills the space between the arachnoid membraneand the pia mater

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7
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

a filtering mechanism of the capillaries that carry blood to the brain andspinal cord tissue, blocking the passage of certain substances

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8
Q

Falx cerebri

A

a flat sheet of dura that is suspended from the roof of the cranium and separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres, running in the interhemispheric fissure

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9
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

a tent like sheet of dura that covers the upper surface of the cerebellum

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10
Q

Choroid plexus

A

a specialized vascular structure that produces cerebrospinal fluid

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11
Q

Lateral ventricles

A

the largest two ventricles and have extensions called horns that are named after the lobes or after the direction in which they extend

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12
Q

Third ventricle

A

the ventricle that communicates with the lateral ventricles via the interventricular foramen of Monro; bounded laterally by the thalami and hypothalamus; superiorly by the fornix; inferiorly by the hypothalamus; anteriorly by the anterior commissure, fornix, and hypothalamus; and posteriorly by the posterior commissure, pineal region, and the hypothalamus

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13
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

the ventricle that communicates with the third ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct or the aqueduct of Sylvius; it is pyramid shaped with a cavity with its base resting on the dorsal aspect of the pons and medulla and its apex covered by the cerebellum

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14
Q

Cisterns

A

where the subarachnoid space widens in a few areas to form larger cerebral spinalfluid collections

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15
Q

Primary headaches

A

includes migraine, cluster headache, and tension-type headaches

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16
Q

Secondary headaches

A

includes, but is not limited to, head trauma, intracranial hemorrhage,cerebral infarct, carotid and vertebral dissection

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17
Q

Concussion

A

mild head trauma where there are transient impairments of neurologic function following a head injury

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18
Q

Post concussive syndrome

A

ongoing symptoms after a concussion that can include headaches, lethargy, mental dullness and symptoms lasting several months after the injury

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19
Q

Elevated intracranial pressure

A

signs and symptoms include but are not limited to headaches,altered mental status, nausea and vomiting, papilledema, visual loss, and diplopia

20
Q

Intracranial hemorrhage

A

can be traumatic or atraumatic and occur in several different compartments of the cranial vault

21
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

a hematoma in a tight potential space between the dura and the skull and commonly involve rupture of the middle meningeal artery due to fracture of the temporal bone by head trauma

22
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

a hematoma in the potential space between the dura and the loosely adherent arachnoid and commonly involves rupture of veins

23
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

a bleed in the CSF-filled space between the arachnoid and the pia, which contains the major blood vessels of the brain

24
Q

Intracerebral hemorrhage

A

a bleed in the brain within the brain parenchyma in the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem, cerebellum or spinal cord

25
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

water on the brain and caused by excess CSF in the intracranial cavity

26
Q

Brain tumors

A

space occupying lesions that are primary CNS tumors or metastatic tumors

27
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

an important procedure that provides direct access to subarachnoid space of the lumbar cistern

28
Q

Anterior circulation

A

arterial circulation to the cerebral hemispheres, originating from the internal carotid arteries and involves the anterior and middle cerebral arteries

29
Q

Posterior circulation

A

arterial circulation to the cerebral hemispheres, originating from the bilateral vertebral arteries

30
Q

Circle of Willis

A

where the anterior and posterior circulation meets and from which all major cerebral vessels arise; provides an abundant opportunity for collateral flow

31
Q

Anterior cerebral arteries

A

a terminal branch of the internal carotid arteries and supplies the medial frontal and medial parietal lobes, including the sensorimotor cortex for the lower extremity

32
Q

Middle cerebral arteries

A

a terminal branch of the internal carotid arteries and supplies the entire lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres including the face and arm sensorimotor cortex and many of the regions of the association cortex

33
Q

Anterior communicating artery

A

the artery that anastomoses with the anterior cerebral artery

34
Q

Posterior communicating arteries

A

connects the anterior and posterior circulation

35
Q

Posterior cerebral arteries

A

arise from the top of the basilar artery and supplies the occipitallobes, including the primary visual cortex, and the medial-inferior temporal lobes

36
Q

Dysarthria

A

difficult or unclear articulation of speech that is otherwise linguistically normal

37
Q

Diplopia

A

double vision

38
Q

Hemineglect

A

abnormality in attention to one side of the world that is not due to a primarysensory or motor lesion

39
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

also known as expressive aphasia or motor aphasia will cause deficits in the production of language with relative sparing of language comprehension

40
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

also known as fluent aphasia or sensory aphasia causes deficits in language comprehension

41
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis of half of the body

42
Q

Hemianesthesia

A

loss of sensation in half of the body

43
Q

Agraphia

A

inability to write letters, symbols, words, or sentences, resulting from damage to various parts of the brain

44
Q

Apraxia

A

inability to follow a motor command, when this inability not due to a primary motor deficits or language impairment

45
Q

Homonymous hemianopsia

A

a visual field deficit in the same halves of the visual field of each eye

CNSI (5 decks)

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