Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OBGYN Uworld Random > Week 3 UWorld and Cases 9-12 > Flashcards

Week 3 UWorld and Cases 9-12 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a severe toxicity of oxytocin to be aware of?

A

hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how does oxytocin cause hyponatremia?

A

can act as a vasopressin analog and stimulate the collecting ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

of trichomonas, gardnerella and candida, which vaginosis occurs with normal pH? what is normal ph?

A

candida…3.8-4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is difference in superficial wound dehiscence and deep wound dehiscence?

A

deep involves the rectus fascia and is a surgical emergency whereas superficial is just subcutaneous tissue and is managed with regular dressing changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a sign for primary ovarian insufficiency?

A

no bleeding with progesterone withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are some risks for primary ovarian insufficiency?

A

cancer drugs, radiation, Turner, fragile X carrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what bHCG levels indicate a molar pregnancy?

A

greater than 100,000 IU/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are some risks for postpartum urinary retention?

A

epidural is number 1, laceration, assissted vaginal delivery, c sxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define post partum irinary retention?

A

6 hrs post op no void

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a common cause of postpartum urinary retention?

A

pudendal nerve injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what determines which pill to give in hormone replacement for menopausal symptoms?

A

if there is a uterus or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

if menopausal woman has uterus what do you give?

A

estrogen and progestin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

if menopausal woman doesnt have uterus what do you give?

A

estrogen only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

at what age are endometrial cells on pap smear concerning? what is next step?

A

45+…need to biopsy the endometrium because there may be hyperplasia or cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

in addition to tampon use, what is another case for females to get toxic shock syndrome from staph a?

A

post delivery or surgical incision repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is rx for toxic shock syndrome?

A

clindamycin and vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are signs of toxic shock syndrome?

A

macular rash including hands and feet with high fever and hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are risks to fetus with chorioamnionitis?

A

preterm birth, pneumonia, encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the signs in mom with chorioamnionitis?

A

fever with tachycardia or leukocytosis or purulent amniotic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is lactational mastitis? who gets it?

A

moms with first pregnancy over 30 yo…staph A gets into the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are sx of lactational mastitis?

A

fever, malaise, tenderness an erythema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is a complication of lactational mastitis?

A

breast abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how do you dx lactational mastitis and breast abscess?

A

US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how do you treat lactational mastitis?

A

dicloxacillin or cephalexin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how do you treat a breast abscess?

A

drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

mom with GBS has penicillin allergy, what is option for rx?

A

cephazolin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

are NSAIDs used in pregnancy>

A

typically not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the first stage of labor?

A

onset contractions until cervix fully dilated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is full dilation of cervix?

A

10 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are the two parts of the first stage of labor?

A

latent and active phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the latent phase of the first stage of labor?

A

cervix going from 0-6cm dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is the active phase of the first stage of labor?

A

cervix going from 6 cm to 10 cm dilated at 1cm/2hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is first line treatment for acute cystitis of asymptomatic bacteruria in pregnancy?

A

nitrofurantoin…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what should you do in follow up with patient who had either acute cystitis or asymptomatic bacteruria in pregnancy?

A

another urine culture in a couple weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

where is bartholin duct cyst located?

A

posterior vaginal introitus, posterior to labia majora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

/what are sx of bartholin duct cyst?

A

soft mobile non tender cystic mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is a complication of a bartholin duct cyst?

A

development of infected abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

three conditions that increase risk for preeclampsia?

A

SLE, chronic HTN, diabetes and twins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what should be done at first prenatal visit with a patient at higher risk of developing preeclampsia

A

go ahead and get a baseline urine protein 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is the main difference between a breast abscess and inflammatory breast cancer?

A

cutaneous edema and skin dimpling are seen in inflammatory breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is active phase protraction?

A

when cervix is dilating less than a cm every 2 hrs btween hrs 4 and 8 of labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what is a common cause of active phase protraction?

A

cephalopelvic disproportion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is cephalopelvic disproportion?

A

head too big for moms pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what are some other risk factors for active phase protraction?

A

advanced maternal age
obesity
excessive wt gain
inadequate contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what is vaginal hematoma? when does it occur? why?

A

bleeding from injured uterine arteries during delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what are the signs of vaginal hematoma?

A

low bp, tachy, vaginal mass, minimal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

where does bleeding occur in vaginal hematoma?

A

paravaginal space…so it is occult bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what are two risks for vaginal hematoma?

A

operative vaginal delivery and large baby (8.8lbs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

if patient develops significant proteinuria and elevated creatinine prior to 20 weeks gestation what is most likely underlying cause?

A

not preeclampsia…most likely is underlying renal pathology like diabetic nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what are two treatment options for stress urinary incontinence?

A

urethral sling and pelvic floor exercises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what is aromatase deficiency?

A

when female karyotype cannot convert testosterone into estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what are signs of aromatase deficiency?

A

normal internal female genitalia with external virilization, normal XY karyotype, low estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what are lab values of FSH/LH and estrogen in puberty with aromatase deficiency?

A

high FSH and LH low estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

what happens in pregnancy to mom with aromatase deficiency?

A

she can be masculinized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

are vaginal petechiae a common menopausal exam finding?

A

yes..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

what is the test to determine dose of rhogam to give mom?

A

Kleihauer Betke test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

how do you manage delivery of fetus that is non viable? what about if pre term?

A

you focus on the well being of the mom…allow for delivery to occur spontaneously because this is safest to mom…even if it is preterm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

what testing should be done to fetus with intrauterine fetal demise?

A

autopsy and genetic testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

what testing should be done to mom in intrauterine fetal demise?

A

Kleihauer Betke test and antiphospholipid antibody screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

other than mom and fetus, what else should be checked in intrauterine fetal demise?

A

placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

what are some risks for uterine atony?

A

prolonged labor, assisted delivery, macrosomia, retained placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

what are signs of uterine atony?

A

PPH and enlarged soft boggy uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

what is first line rx for uterine atony

A

massage and oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

what is second line rx for uterine atony?

A

trenaxemic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

clear cervical mucus is what?

A

mucus associated with ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

what happens if epidural is accidentally put into vasculature?

A

get CNS overactivity…can be fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

what are signs of epidural accidentally put into vasculature?

A

perioral numbness
metalic taste
tinnitus
seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

how long after delivery must one go without voiding to have postpartum urinary retention?

A

6hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

what is rx for postpartum urinary retention?

A

foley catheter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

what is level of thrombocytopenia that is normal in pregnancy?

A

100-150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

what level of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy is concerning for preeclampsia or HELLP?

A

100 or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

what is a luteoma in pregnancy?

A

solid mass of ovaries that is stimulated by hcg and secretes androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

what can happen to mom and fetus with luteoma in pregnancy?

A

virilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

what is a theca lutein cyst in pregnancy?

A

uni or bilateral cyst of ovary stimulated by hcg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

what can happen to mom with theca lutein cyst in pregnancy>

A

virilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

what is main difference between theca lutein cyst and luteoma in pregnancy?

A

luteoma is SOLID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

what is rx for theca lutein cyst and luteoma in pregnancy?

A

watchful waiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

what is treatment of cornual ectopic pregnancy?

A

not methotrexate…need to do surgery to minimize risk of rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

what are some contraindications to methotrextate therapy for ectopic pregnancies?

A

breastfeeding
anemia and immunosuppression
pulmonary disease
hepatic or renal disease that would affect clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

what level hcg do you want to start methotrexate therapy for ectopic?

A

LESS than 5000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

what is reversal agent of Mg?

A

Ca2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

what is treatment for eclampsia?

A

immediate Mg and c sxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

what is treatment for preeclampsia with severe features?

A

Mg and induced delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

what should fibrinogen levels be in pregnancy?

A

elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

what should D dimer level be in pregnancy?

A

elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

what two lung volumes change in pregnancy?

A

increased tidal volume and decreased FRC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

what is a PUBS test? what does it test for?

A

percutaneous umbilical blood sampling for fetal anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

what is a TCD test ? what does it screen for?

A

transcranial doppler that screens for fetal anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

what is an indication to perform either a trans cranial doppler or a PUBS?

A

if you think theres a chance of alloimmunization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

when can CVS be performed?

A

10 weeks and after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

when can amniocentesis be performed?

A

16 weeks and after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

when can PUBS be performed?

A

between 20 and 34 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

what is the rule with ultrasound dating in each trimester?

A

1st tri +- 1 week
2nd tri +- 2 weeks
3rd tri +- 3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

what is preventative med used for migraines in prgenancy?

A

propanolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

are triptans or ergotamine used for migraine abortion in pregnancy?

A

NO

96
Q

what is reason for increased migraines in pregnancy>

A

increases stressors and changes to daily routines

97
Q

what is reason for increased migraines in childbearing age but nor pregnant?>

A

estrogen and progesterone cycling

98
Q

what two hormones are elevated in PCOS?

A

estrogen and testosterone

99
Q

what does estrogen elevation in PCOS put patients at risk for?

A

endometrial hyperplasia and cancer

100
Q

what is percentile cutoff for fetal growth restriction?

A

less then 10% for gestational age

101
Q

what is growth restriction in first trimester called?

A

symmetric growth restriction

102
Q

what is growth restriction in second or third trimester called?

A

asymmetric growth restriction

103
Q

what are common causes of symmetric growth restriction in 1st tri?

A

infections and aneuploidy

104
Q

what are common causes of asymmetric growth restriction in 2nd and 3rd tri?

A

placental insuff like HTN and diabetes
and
maternal malnutrition

105
Q

what test is done to confirm a vesicovaginal fistula?

A

bladder dye testing

106
Q

high prolactin levels during breatfeeding do what to levels of FSH and LH?

A

cause them to decrease because prolactin inhibits release of GnRH

107
Q

low levels of FSH and LH during breastfeeding can cause what with women?

A

low estrogen so menopausal symptoms

108
Q

what is issue in nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A

decreased actvity of 21-hydroxylase but not entirely absent

109
Q

when does nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia present?

A

usually in adolescence

110
Q

what builds up on nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A

17-hydroxyporogesterone and androgens

111
Q

what are signs ofn nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A

early pubic hair, bad acne, amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea in females

112
Q

what four things in the quad screen for aneuploidies?

A

inhibin A, estriol AFP and hCG

113
Q

what are levels of Inhibin A, AFP, hCG and estriol in downs?

A

inhibin A and hCG up

AFP and estriol down

114
Q

what are levels of Inhibin A, AFP, hCG and estriol in T18/Edwards?

A

all down

115
Q

what is rx for asymptomatic bacteruria in pregnancy?

A

amoxicillin

116
Q

what is rx for asymptomatic bacteruria in pregnancy if mom is allergic to amoxicillin??

A

nitrofurantoin

117
Q

what is rx for pyelonephritis in pregnancy?

A

ceftriaxone

118
Q

what is management of pyelonephritis in pregnancy?

A

admit and give ceftriaxone then reasses

119
Q

if mom has pyelonephritis and it isnt responding well to ceftriaxone, what should you look for? how?

A

look for an abscess with an ultrasound

120
Q

what drug is used to treat hyperthyroid in pregnancy?

A

PTU

121
Q

what drugs can be used to treat seizures in pregnancy?

A

lamotrigine and leviteracetam

122
Q

what is BP goal in pregnancy?

A

140/80 or lower

123
Q

what should you do with insulin after baby is delivered?

A

drop dose!!

124
Q

what issue is associated with high blood glucose in first trimester?

A

transposition of the great vessels

125
Q

what is Hbg cutoff for anemia in pregnancy?

A

10

126
Q

what is hct cutoff for anemia in pregnancy?

A

30

127
Q

if you are worried about alloimmunization, what test do you run?

A

transcranial doppler

128
Q

what is fasting glucose goal in 3 hr GTT?

A

90

129
Q

what is 1 hr glucose goal in 3 hr GTT?

A

180

130
Q

what is 2 hr glucose goal in 3 hr GTT?

A

155

131
Q

what is 3 hr glucose goal in 3 hr GTT?

A

140

132
Q

what is rule about diagnosing gestational diabetes with the 3hr GTT?

A

3 or more values elevated means you have it

133
Q

if twin fertilization occurs in 0-3 days what is result?

A

monozygotic, dichorionic and diamniotic

134
Q

if twin fertilization occurs between 4-8 days what is result?

A

monozygotic, monochorionic, and diamniotic

135
Q

what are monochorionic, diamniotic twins at risk for?

A

TTTS

136
Q

if twin fertilization occurs at 9-12 days, what is result?

A

monozygotic, monochorionic, monoamniotic

137
Q

what are monochorionic monoamniotic twins at risk for?

A

all baseline risks plus TTTS, cord entanglement and conjoined

138
Q

if twin fertilization occurs 12+ days what is result

A

conjoined twins

139
Q

if twins are different genders, what do we know we must have in terms of placenta and sac?

A

dichorionic and diamniotic…also dizygotic

140
Q

what are the baseline risks of multiple gestations, no matter the sac and placenta status?

A

preterm birth, malpresentation and increased risk of PPH

141
Q

3 risks of GBS in mom for delivery?

A

PPROM, preterm, and chorioamnionitis

142
Q

when is first GBS screen in pregnancy?

A

week 10

143
Q

if mom is GBS + in week 10 what does this mean?

A

no matter status at delivery you treat

144
Q

what is first line rx for GBS?

A

ampicillin

145
Q

if mom - at week 10 for GBs, when do you screen again?

A

36 week s

146
Q

if moms GBS status is unknown at delivery, what do you do?

A

treat

147
Q

what are three indications for GBS treatment in delivery aside from moms GBS status being positive or unknown?

A

prolonged rupture of membranes, intrapartum fever, previous pregnancy with GBS

148
Q

what do you give for GBS if mom allergic to amoxicillin?

A

cefazolin

149
Q

if cefazolin is contraindicated and amoxicillin, what can you give for GBS?

A

clindamycin or vancomycin

150
Q

if mom hep B positive during pregnancy, how is delivery managed?

A

cxsn

151
Q

what do we give baby if mom is hep B positive?

A

ivig and hep b vaccine

152
Q

if HIV status is unknown at delivery, what do you do?

A

give AZT

153
Q

if mom has HIV with low viral load and on meds, how do you deliver?

A

vaginally

154
Q

if mom has high HIV load and not on meds, how do you deliver?

A

csxn

155
Q

what two NRTIs are used in pregnancy?

A

tenofivir and emtricitabine

156
Q

in addition to two NRTIs, what else should HIV + mom be on during pregnancy?

A

either a PI or NNRTI

157
Q

what NNRTI is used in pregnancy?

A

neviparine

158
Q

what PI is used in pregnancy for HIV?

A

atazanavir

159
Q

3 things to look for in baby with toxo?

A

calcification,s ventriculomegaly and seizures

160
Q

if mom does not have toxo ab on screening, what should she avoid?

A

cat feces and undercooked meat

161
Q

what happens if syphilis passed in first tri?

A

dead baby

162
Q

what happens to baby if syphilis passed later on in pregnancy?

A

snuffles, saber shins, hutchinson incisors, saddle nose

163
Q

what is rx for tertiary syphilis in pregnancy?

A

IV penicillin for 7-10 days q

164
Q

what are four signs of rubella in baby?

A

blueberry rash
cataracts
cardiac defects
deafness

165
Q

what does mom look like with toxo and cmv infxn?

A

flu like illness

166
Q

if baby gets HSV in pregnancy, what can happen?

A

IUGR, blindness

167
Q

what is type of incisions for elective c sxn?

A

transverse under bikini line

168
Q

what is type of incision for emergent c sxn?

A

vertical

169
Q

what signifies a low risk for vaginal birth after c sxn?

A

less than 2 transverse c sxns prior

170
Q

what signifies high risk for vaginal birth after c sxn?

A

2 or more c sxns prior or an emergent vertical c xsn

171
Q

if mom is high risk for vaginal birth after c sxn what should be done?

A

planned c sxn

172
Q

if mom is low risk for vaginal birth after c sxn, what should be done?

A

trial of labor

173
Q

what are two indications for epiostomy?

A

big bby with small mom and preventing shoulder dystocia

174
Q

what are the two types of epiostomies/

A

medial and medial lateral cuts

175
Q

what is risk with medial epiostomy that medial lateral does not have?

A

further laceration into rectum

176
Q

when do you put in cerclage? when do you remove it?

A

week 14 insertion week 36 removal

177
Q

what type of anesthesia can you give during dilation?

A

paracervical block

178
Q

a paracervical block during dilation can cause what in baby?

A

bradycardia

179
Q

what can you give during stage II of labor for anesthesia?

A

pudendal nerve block

180
Q

what is a common cause of cord compression?

A

rupture of membranes so cord gets pressed on

181
Q

what is FHR tracing with cord compressions?

A

variable decels

182
Q

if variable decels are occuring with more than 50% of contractions, what should be done?

A

reposition mom to try and alleviate the compression

183
Q

what are the signs of false labor in a pregnant woman?

A

irregular contractions with no cervical change

184
Q

what are signs of true labor in a pregnant woman?

A

regular painful contractions with cervical change

185
Q

what are false labor contractions called?

A

braxton hicks contractions

186
Q

what is a risk for chemical pneumonitis seen in L&D?

A

anesthesia for c sxn

187
Q

what are signs of chemical pneumonitis?

A

low grade fever, hypoxia, pulmonary edema, and diffuse crackles

188
Q

what is management of chemical pneumonitis?

A

supportive care…no abx indicated

189
Q

what is aspirated in chemical pneumonitis?

A

gastric acid

190
Q

what are some risk factors for amniotic fluid embolism?

A

advanced maternal age, gravida over 5, preeclampsia, placenta previa, c sxn

191
Q

what are clinical signs of amniotic fluid embolism?

A

cardiogenic shock, respiratory failure, DIC, coma and seizures

192
Q

what is rx for amniotic fluid embolism?

A

intubate and ventilate

193
Q

what is initial evaluation of adnexal mass in premenopausal woman?

A

pregnancy test and ultrasound

194
Q

what do you ultrasound an adnexal mass in a premenopausal woman in which the mass is likely physiologic?

A

because you need to rule out malignancy

195
Q

what are the diagnostic criteria for cervical insufficiecny?

A

2 2nd tri losses that were painless
or short cervix with history of preterm
or cervical dilation in 2nd tri that is painless

196
Q

how does uteroplacental insufficiency cause oligohydramnios?

A

lack of renal perfusion leads to decreased fetal urination

197
Q

what is initial treatment of pyelonephritis in pregnancy?

A

IV broad spectrum abx

198
Q

if patient improves on Iv broad abx with pyelonephritis, what are your next abx options?

A

can switch to whatever culture shows sensitivity to

199
Q

what abx are safest in pregnancy for oral rx of improved pyelonephritis?

A

cephalosporins, penicillins and nitrofurantoins

200
Q

what is therapy for dysfunctional uterine bleeding from anovulation that occurs intermestrual?

A

medroxyprogesterone or OCP tape or TXA

201
Q

what is the main SE of medroxyprogesterone at high dose to treat AUB

A

depresssion

202
Q

what is initial treatment of menorrhagia from fibroids? why does this work?

A

NSAIDs…prevent prostaglandin synthesis

203
Q

how long can latent stage of labor last in nulligravid womam?

A

20 hrs

204
Q

how long can latent stage of labor last in multigravid womam?

A

14 hours

205
Q

how long can stage 2 of labor last in nullugravid woman?

A

3 hrs

206
Q

how long can stage 2 of labor last in multigravic woman?

A

2 hrs

207
Q

what is stage 3 of labor?

A

fetus out to placenta out

208
Q

what is chemical change that leads to cervical dilation?

A

breaking of disulfide bonds

209
Q

when is the active phase of stage 2 of labor considered arrested?

A

no change in cervix for four hours or takes longer than 5 hours

210
Q

if you have issue with stage 3 of labor, what do you try first? then what?

A

massage then oxytocin then manual removal

211
Q

if stage 2 is arrested of labor and baby in negative position what do you do?

A

csxn

212
Q

if stage 2 is arrested of labor and baby in positive position what do you do?

A

forceps or vacuum

213
Q

what are four options to help if latent phase of stage 1 is arrested?

A

balloon, amniotomy, misoprostol and oxytocin

214
Q

what is PROM

A

premature ROM so rupture but no contractions

215
Q

what is PPROM?

A

preterm premature ROM, no contractions

216
Q

what is usual cause of PROM?

A

infection

217
Q

what is usual cause of PPROM?

A

usually infection too

218
Q

define prolonged ROM

A

18 hours or more from ROM to baby

219
Q

what is risk with prolonged ROM?

A

infection into mom..chorioamnionitis and endometritis

220
Q

what is rx for endometritis and chorioamnionitis?

A

ampicillin gentamycin and clindamycin

221
Q

what should you not do for mom with endometritis?

A

culture vagina

222
Q

PPH with absent uterus means what path?

A

uterine inversion

223
Q

PPH with boggy uterus means what path?

A

atony

224
Q

PPH with firm uterus means what path?

A

retained placenta

225
Q

PPH with normal uterus means what path?

A

vaginal laceratoion

226
Q

what should you do if PPH is unexplained and interventions arent working?

A

2 large bore IVs

227
Q

in surgery for PPH, what are three rx options?

A

uterine artery ligation or embolization, hyst

228
Q

what is rx for uterine inversion?

A

manual repositioning

229
Q

if manual repositioning doesnt work in uterine inversion what do you do?

A

tocolytics then oxytocin

230
Q

how do you diagnose retained placenta?

A

look at placenta and see if vessels run to edge…if they do then some is left in the uterus

231
Q

what is risk of hydatiform mole?

A

gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

232
Q

what is immediate rx for hydatiform mole?

A

D and C

233
Q

what do you need to do after D and C for molar pregnancy?

A

follow hcg weekly until undetectable then follow monthly for 6 months

234
Q

during 6 months of following hcg after a molar pregnancy, what should be given?

A

contraception

235
Q

why give contraception after molar pregnancy?

A

so new conception doesnt interfere with the hcg monitoring

236
Q

what is bloody show?

A

blood in active stage of labor that is from rapid cervical dilation

237
Q

how to remove vaginal foreign body in prepubertal girl?

A

local anesthetic and warm irrigation

OBGYN Uworld Random (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions