Week 3 - Thermodynamics Flashcards
Define thermodynamics
A set of principles that apply to all physical and biological processes and govern the conditions which they can occur
Name the first law of thermodynamics
Total amount of energy within a system and its surroundings is constant
Name the second law of thermodynamics
The total entropy of a system and its surroundings always increases
Define system and surroundings
System=the part of the universe we are interested in
Surroundings=the rest of the universe
Equation for enthalpy (H)
H = E + (PV)
Define exothermic and endothermic reactions
Exothermic=energy released during reaction
Endothermic=energy absorbed during a reaction
Define entropy (S)
The level of disorder in a system
Give each state in order of increasing entropy
Solid - liquid - gas
What does Gibbs’ free energy tell us
If a biochemical process will occur on its own (spontaneous)
Give the equation for Gibbs’ free energy
Change in Gibbs free energy = change in enthalpy - temperature x change in entropy
When is a reaction spontaneous and non spontaneous
Spontaneous when <0
Non spontaneous when >0
Name the 5 rules of Gibbs free energy change
Spontaneous if <0
Not spontaneous if >0
At eqm = 0
Depends on free energy of reactants and products
Provides no information about rate of reaction
How do we overcome non spontaneous reactions
Adding an energy input (coupled reactions)
Describe the role of activated carriers on coupled reactions
Energy released can be stored in activated carriers, which then allow that energy to be used for endergonic reactions
Name the most widely used activated carrier molecule
ATP
