Week 2 - Fundimental Chemistry

Question 1

Define elemental isotopes

Answer 1

An element with the same chemical characteristics, but different atomic mass (neutrons)

Question 2

Name for radioactive isotopes

Answer 2

Radioisotopes

Question 3

What elements do carbohydrates contain

Answer 3

C,H,O

Question 4

Name all 4 types of saccharide

Answer 4

Mono - 1, Di - 2, Oligo - 3-10, Poly - >10

Question 5

Name the 2 functions of monosaccharides

Answer 5

Cellular energy production + build nucleic acids

Question 6

Name 3 dietary monosaccharides

Answer 6

Glucose (fruit, veg + dairy), Fructose (sugar cane, fruit), Galactose (avocado, beets)

Question 7

Name the type of linkage for sugars, and what the name of the reaction is called

Answer 7

Glycosidic bond, condensation reaction

Question 8

Name 3 common disaccharides

Answer 8

Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose

Question 9

Name one example of a polysaccharide

Answer 9

Glycogen/Startch

Question 10

True or false: lipids are soluble in water

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Name 5 lipid functions

Answer 11

Insulation, Neurone myelination, Vitamin absorption, hormone production, forming cell membranes

Question 12

Describe a fatty acid

Answer 12

C chain (varying length) with a carboxylic acid (COOH) on the end

Question 13

3 types of lipid

Answer 13

Triglyceride, phospholipid, sterols

Question 14

Describe a triglycerides structure

Answer 14

Glycerol backbone + 3 fatty acid tails

Question 15

Describe a triglycerides function

Answer 15

Main constituent of body fat, contains either single or double bonds, which cause cis and trans fats

Question 16

Describe a phospholipid structure

Answer 16

Phosphate head + 2 fatty acid tails

Question 17

Describe phospholipid function

Answer 17

Arranged into bilayers, for cell membranes.

Question 18

Describe a sterol

Answer 18

Cyclic organic compound, a sub group of steroids

Question 19

Give an example of a sterol

Answer 19

Cholesterol

Question 20

Name for the 20 genetically encoded amino acids

Answer 20

Proteinogenic amino acids

Question 21

Function of proteinogenic amino acids

Answer 21

Enzyme formation, antibody formation, act as receptors or structural proteins

Question 22

Name for the bonds that join amino acids

Answer 22

Peptide bond

Question 23

Describe primary structure of a protein

Answer 23

The constituent amino acids in the polypeptide chain from N terminus to C terminus

Question 24

Describe secondary structure

Answer 24

Local structure features, typically alpha helix or beta sheet caused by hydrogen bonding

Question 25

Describe tertiary structure

Answer 25

The overall conformation of the protein caused by side chain interactions

Question 26

Describe quarternary structure

Answer 26

The formation of two or more proteins to form dimers