Week 3 - The Integumentary & Digestive System

Question 1

List the 7 main functions of the integumentary system.

Answer 1

1. Protective barrier
2. helps regulate temperature
3. helps prevent mositure loss
4. reduces harmful effects of UV
5. sense organ (touch)
6. immune organ - helps detect infections
7. production of Vit. D

Question 2

What are the 4 cell types that make up the epidermis?

Answer 2

1. Keratinocyte
2. Melanocyte
3. Macrophage (immune)
4. Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel)

Question 3

come lets get sun burnt

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

Answer 3

1. Stratum cornea
2. Stratum lucidium (hands/ feet)
3. Stratum graulosum (organelles beginning to degenerate)
4. Stratum spinosum (bundles of kerayin filaments containing projections of melanocytes and macrophages)
5. Stratum basal (where new keratinocytes, melanocytes & tactile epithelial cells are made)

Question 4

Name the 2 layers of the (vascualr) dermis

Answer 4

1. Papillary
2. Reticular (4/5)

Question 5

Name 3 substances that can affect the colour of skin

Answer 5

1. Melanin produced by melanocytes - we all have similar amounts, difference in colour come from kind and amount of melanin produced
2. Carotene - yellow to orange pigment that can accumulate in the stratum corneum and fat of the subcutaneous layet
3. Hgb - pinkish hue of fair skin reflecting the crimson colour of oxygenated Hgb

Question 6

What are the three concentric layers of hair/hair root?

Answer 6

1. Cuticle
2. Cortex
3. Medulla

Question 7

What surrounds the root of the hair?

Answer 7

Hair follicle made up of epithelial root sheath

Question 8

What is the bundle of small muscle cells that causes a hair to stand straight up?

Answer 8

arrector pili

Question 9

Name 3 types of skin cancer

Answer 9

1. Basal cell carcinoma - least malignant (80%), most common, sun exposed areas of face
2. Sqaumous cell carcinoma - arises from keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum, can grow rapidly and metastasise if not removed
3. Melanoma - cancer of melanocytes (1%)
   Highly metastatic and resistant to chemo
   1/3 develops from pre existing moles

Question 10

What are the 3 different types of burns?

Answer 10

1. 1st degree - epidermis (sunburnt)
2. 2nd degree - epidermis and dermis (blisters)
3. 3rd degree - epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous

Question 11

What is the rule of 9s?

Answer 11

Quick way of estimating the surface area affected by a burn (adult) (%’s are approx proportions of body surface area)