Week 3: The heart Flashcards

1
Q

What vessels are given off by the arch of the aorta?

A

Brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery

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2
Q

What is the plane of Louis?

A

The imaginary plane that divides the thorax horizontally at the height of the manubriosternal joint and the T4/T5 intervertebral disc.

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3
Q

What veins combine to form the brachiocephalic veins?

A

The subclavian vein and the internal jugular vein.

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4
Q

The plane of Louis divides the mediastinum into…

A

2 parts. The superior and inferior mediastinum.

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5
Q

What is the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

The thick ligament connecting the bottom of the aorta and the top of the pulmonary trunk. It is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus.

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6
Q

The recurrent laryngeal n. is a branch from the

A

Vagus n.

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7
Q

List the branches coming out of the descending aorta

A

Oesophageal branches, posterior intercostal branches and bronchial arteries

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8
Q

Azygous vein

A

Right side

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9
Q

Hemiazygous and accessory hemiazygous veins

A

Left side

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10
Q

Where is the superior mediastinum?

A

Above the plane of Louis and below the superior thoracic aperture

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11
Q

Where is the inferior mediastinum? And what are its divisions?

A

Below the plane of Louis and above the diaphragm. It can be divided into the anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinum.

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12
Q

What nerves can we find in the superior mediastinum?

A

Right and left: vagus n., phrenic n., recurrent laryngeal n.

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13
Q

Why can I say that the phrenic n. is the Beyonce of the nerves in the superior mediastinum?

A

Because it runs anterior (in front) of all the other structures.

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14
Q

What great veins are located in the superior mediastinum?

A

Brachiocephalic veins (R and L). Each trunk is formed by the subclavian vein and the internal jugular veins joining together.

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15
Q

What structures do we find in the anterior mediastinum?

A

Not many. The inferior part of the thymus in children, and in both children and adults:
Fat
Lymph nodes
Internal thoracic vessels

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16
Q

What structures do we find in the middle mediastinum?

A

The heart and pericardium. The great vessels leaving or entering the heart (ascending aorta, SVC, pulmonary trunk). The phrenic nerve.

17
Q

What structures do we find in the posterior mediastinum?

A

The oesophagus, the descending aorta, the vagus n. (R and L),

18
Q

What arteries can we find in the superior mediastinum?

A

The arch of the aorta and the arteries that branch from that: the brachiocephalic artery, the R subclavian and R common carotid, the L subclavian and L common carotid.